Model illustrating how a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection inhibits CD1d-mediated antigen presentation. The solid arrows show normal CD1d trafficking.33 The dotted arrows indicate CD1d trafficking upon an HSV-1 infection. The virus infection likely activates host Thr/Ser kinases, causing the phosphorylation of the CD1d T322/S323 residues. The phosphorylation of T322/S323 results in lysosomal degradation and a reduced CD1d recycling rate. SE, sorting endosome; EE, early endosome; LE, late endosome; LY, lysosomes.