Distribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in lymphoid and mucosal tissues from naive and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) -infected macaques. (a) Representative gating strategy for CD123+ pDCs and CD11c+ myeloid DCs (mDCs) among live tissue mononuclear cells. Frequencies of (b) pDCs and (c) mDCs in multiple tissue sites. Box and whisker plots show medians and ranges of between 6 and 19 animals per tissue group. Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for naive versus SIV comparisons; *P < 0·05; **P < 0·01; ***P < 0·001. Only statistically significant differences are shown. PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PaLN, MLN and PLN, pararectal/paracolonic, mesenteric and peripheral (axillary, inguinal) lymph nodes; ND, not done.