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. 2012 Mar 21;32(12):4319–4329. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5952-11.2012

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

EP1 is critical for induction of social avoidance and elevated anxiety by repeated social defeat. A, Impaired social avoidance in EP1-deficient mice. Knock-out (KO) mice deficient in EP1, EP2, and EP3, respectively, and conditional knock-out (cKO) mice deficient in EP4 in the brain as well as wild-type mice were subjected to repeated social defeat, and the level of social avoidance was measured. The level of social avoidance of wild-type mice that did not receive social defeat (control) is also shown; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and NS, not significant, for unpaired t test. B, The level of social avoidance after repeated social defeat in wild-type [EP1(+/+)] and EP1-deficient [EP1(−/−)] littermates from breeding of EP1 heterozygous mice; *p < 0.05 for unpaired t test. C, Impaired anxiogenic effect of repeated social defeat in EP1-deficient mice. The time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze test is shown; **p < 0.01 and NS, not significant, for unpaired t tests. The number of mice is shown below each bar.