TABLE 1.

Patient Characteristics

	Total Sample, n = 620		Children With Painful Conditions, n = 314		Children With Nonpainful Conditions, n = 306
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age group
Younger, 4–7 y	315	50.8	140	44.6	175	57.2
Older, 8–17 y	305	49.2	174	55.4	131	42.8
Sex
Female	291	46.8	158	50.3	132	43.1
Male	329	53.2	156	49.7	174	56.9
Ethnicity
Hispanic	341	55	180	57.3	161	52.6
Non-Hispanic	279	45	134	42.7	145	47.4
Race
Black or African American	98	15.8	45	14.3	53	17.3
White	321	51.8	179	57	142	46.4
Other	40	6.4	22	7	18	5.9
Don’t Know	161	26	68	21.7	93	30.4
Primary language
English	552	89	274	87.3	278	90.8
Spanish	68	11	40	12.7	28	9.2
Painful conditions
Soft tissue injury			78	24.8
Abdominal pain			60	19.1
Headache			32	10.2
Ear or throat pain			23	7.3
Fracture, clinically obvious			18	5.7
Laceration			18	5.7
Chest pain			13	4.2
Back pain			9	2.9
Abscess			5	1.6
Other			58	18.6
Analgesics administered
Ibuprofen			128	40.8
Acetaminophen			46	14.6
Parenteral opioida			42	13.4
Oral opioid-containing analgesicb			13	4.2
Ketorolac			12	3.8
Other			23	7.3
Missing data			50	15.9
Nonpainful conditions
Soft tissue complaint					67	21.9
Fever					30	9.8
Rash					29	9.5
Cough					26	8.5
Vomiting and/or diarrhea					23	7.5
Dizziness, syncope					19	6.2
Shortness of breath					18	5.9
Other					94	30.7
Initial pain score: FPS-R
0	170	27.4	3	1	167	54.6
1–3	131	21.1	26	8.2	105	34.3
4–6	176	28.4	155	49.4	21	6.9
7–10	143	23.1	130	41.4	13	4.2
Initial pain score: CAS
0–0.9	154	24.8	4	1.3	150	49
1.0–3.9	161	26.0	47	15	114	37.2
4.0–6.9	164	26.5	136	43.3	28	9.2
7.0–10.0	141	22.7	127	40.4	14	4.6

Mean age, SD, range for total sample: 9.2, 3.8, 4–17; for children with painful conditions: 9.8, 3.8, 4–17; and for children with nonpainful conditions: 8.6, 3.7, 4–17.

^aMorphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl.

^bCodeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, or any combination-analgesic with these components.