Table 1. HLA-C expression level affects control of HIV viral load in European and African Americans.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naïve HIV patients were categorized as controllers (<2000 viral copies/ml plasma) or noncontrollers (>10,000 viral copies/ml plasma) on the basis of longitudinal mean VL in chronic infection. Effects of HLA-C expression level as a continuous variable and all individual HLA class I alleles with phenotypic frequency ≥2% were tested by logistic regression with stepwise selection. Significance (P), OR, and 95% confidence interval (CI) are reported for all covariates showing independently significant effects.

European Americans (n = 2527)					African Americans (n = 1209)
Covariate	P	OR	95% CI		Covariate	P	OR	95% CI
B*57:01	1 × 10−19	0.13	0.09	0.21	B*57:03	2 × 10−24	0.13	0.09	0.20
C*04:01	8 × 10−14	3.12	2.32	4.21	B*81	2 × 10−8	0.21	0.12	0.37
A*01:01	2 × 10−10	2.21	1.73	2.82	HLA-C expression	8 × 10−6	0.61	0.49	0.76
B*07:02	2 × 10−9	2.36	1.78	3.13	B*35:01	1 × 10−5	2.92	1.80	4.74
HLA-C expression	1 × 10−7	0.52	0.41	0.67	B*45:01	3 × 10−5	4.28	2.16	8.50
A*02:01	4 × 10−7	1.68	1.38	2.06	A*23:01	1 × 10−4	2.05	1.43	2.96
B*27:05	2 × 10−5	0.48	0.34	0.67	B*58:02	3 × 10−3	2.54	1.37	4.73
C*06:02	2 × 10−5	2.65	1.69	4.15	B*58:01	4 × 10−3	0.49	0.30	0.79
B*13:02	4 × 10−4	0.39	0.23	0.65	A*36:01	6 × 10−3	3.22	1.40	7.38
C*16:01	6 × 10−4	2.12	1.38	3.26	B*39:10	1 × 10−2	0.34	0.14	0.78
A*24:02	9 × 10−4	1.58	1.20	2.07	B*53:01	3 × 10−2	1.48	1.04	2.11
C*01:02	3 × 10−3	1.90	1.24	2.91
B*52:01	4 × 10−3	0.49	0.30	0.79
A*26:01	4 × 10−3	1.80	1.20	2.70
B*40:01	6 × 10−3	1.69	1.16	2.45
B*38:01	7 × 10−3	2.02	1.22	3.34
C*05:01	1 × 10−2	1.43	1.09	1.89
B*18:01	1 × 10−2	1.56	1.10	2.23
B*58:01	2 × 10−2	0.49	0.27	0.90
B*14:02	3 × 10−2	0.67	0.46	0.96
B*51:01	4 × 10−2	1.47	1.01	2.13
B*55:01	5 × 10−2	2.07	1.02	4.21