Table 2. HLA-C expression level affects progression to early AIDS outcomes.

HLA-C expression level as a continuous variable and all HLA class I alleles with phenotypic frequency ≥2% were tested by stepwise selection in a Cox model, using 1069 ART-naïve patients with known times for progression from seroconversion to CD4 < 200. Subjects comprised 783 European and 286 African Americans, with ethnicity used as a covariate. This was justified because stratification by ethnicity indicated a uniform strength of effects on progression across European and African Americans (table S2), which was also apparent in the larger longitudinal VL cohorts (Table 1). Independently significant covariates are reported with significance (P), HR, and 95% CI.

Covariate	P	HR	95% CI
HLA-C expression	1 × 10−6	0.67	0.55	0.74
B*57:01	2 × 10−5	0.30	0.17	0.52
C*06:02	7 × 10−4	1.75	1.26	2.41
A*26:01	2 × 10−3	0.43	0.25	0.73
B*35:03	2 × 10−3	2.11	1.3	3.41
A*11:01	3 × 10−3	0.62	0.45	0.85
A*74	4 × 10−3	0.26	0.11	0.65
A*32:01	4 × 10−3	0.53	0.34	0.82
A*31:01	3 × 10−2	0.56	0.33	0.95
B*15:01	4 × 10−2	0.72	0.52	0.99
C*04:01	4 × 10−2	1.30	1.01	1.69