. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 26.

Published in final edited form as: Heart Fail Rev. 2011 Mar;16(2):171–178. doi: 10.1007/s10741-010-9209-z

Table 3.

Histomorphometric measures in left ventricular myocardium of normal dogs, dogs with heart failure that were not treated (CONTROL) and dogs with heart failure treated with VNS.

	NORMAL (n=7)	CONTROL (n=6)	VNS (n=7)
VFRF (%)	0.0	21.0 ± 2.0	12.5 ± 1.0^*
VFIF (%)	3.7 ± 0.1	8.3 ± 0.2^†	6.5 ± 0.3^*
CD (Capillaries/mm²)	2607 ± 80	1704±35^†	2403 ± 73^*
ODD (μm)	8.9 ± 0.2	11.0 ± 0.1^†	9.2 ± 0.1^*
MCSA (μm²)	409 ± 10	720 ± 14^†	549± 15^*

VNS=Vagus nerve stimulation; VFRF=volume fraction of replacement fibrosis; VFIF=volume fraction of interstitial fibrosis; CD=capillary density; ODD=oxygendiffusion distance; MCSA=myocyte cross-sectional area.

^†

=p<0.05 vs. NORMAL;

=p<0.05 vs. CONTROL.