Table 2.

Hazard ratios for incident ESRD associated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in REGARDS study participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m²

		ESRD		Hazard ratio (95% CI) for ESRD
	N (at risk)	Cases (n; %)	Incidence rate	Adjusted model 1a	Adjusted model 2b
SBP (mm Hg)
<120	707	17	6.1	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
120–129	670	22	8.3	1.27 (0.68–2.40)	1.19 (0.63–2.26)
130–139	631	28	10.8	1.67 (0.91–3.06)	1.57 (0.84–2.93)
≥140	764	71	23.3	3.39 (1.99–5.77)	2.32 (1.33–4.03)
DBP (mm Hg)
<70	829	28	8.7	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
70–79	1018	40	9.8	0.97 (0.60–1.58)	1.19 (0.73–1.96)
80–89	718	44	14.9	1.26 (0.78–2.04)	1.90 (1.15–3.14)
≥90	207	26	33.3	2.30 (1.33–3.98)	2.81 (1.58–4.98)
PP (mm Hg)
<45	626	17	6.9	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
45–54	792	30	9.1	1.43 (0.79–2.60)	0.99 (0.54–1.81)
55–64	665	35	13.2	2.15 (1.20–3.85)	1.54 (0.85–2.79)
≥65	689	56	20.4	3.69 (2.12–6.42)	1.74 (0.99–3.07)
MAP (mm Hg)
<86	684	19	7.1	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
86–93	685	21	7.8	1.01 (0.54–1.88)	1.18 (0.62–2.22)
93–100	734	29	9.5	1.08 (0.60–1.93)	1.38 (0.76–2.49)
≥100	669	69	25.8	2.72 (1.63–4.55)	2.92 (1.71–4.97)

Incidence rates are per 10,000 person years.

CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; REGARDS, REasons for the Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

^aModel 1, adjusted for age, race, sex, and geographic region of residence.

^bModel 2, adjusted for age, race, sex, geographic region of residence, current smoking, physical activity, income, waist circumference, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HDL-cholesterol, antihypertensive medication use, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.