Table 1.

Article Content Summary

Study	Participants		Length of Intervention	Experimental Intervention		Control Intervention		Form of Measurement	Result
	Condition	N		Description	n	Description	n
Manual therapy
Reid et al28	Recurrent ankle sprain	23	1 session	Weight-bearing movement with mobilization: 2 sets × 10 repetitions	12 (Session 1: movement with mobilization; session 2: sham)	Sham mobilization: 2 sets × 10 repetitions	11 (Session 1: sham; session 2: movement with mobilization)	Weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion	Increased weight-bearing dorsiflexion after movement with mobilization
Vicenzino  et al29	Recurrent ankle sprain	16	Nonweight-bearing movement with mobilization: 1 session; weight-bearing movement with mobilization: 1 session	1. Nonweight-bearing movement with mobilization: 4 sets × 4 glides; 2. weight-bearing movement with mobilization: 4 sets × 4 glides	16a	No movement with mobilization	16a	Weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion	Increased weight-bearing dorsiflexion after nonweight-bearing and weight-bearing movement with mobilization
Collins et al30	Grade 2 subacute lateral ankle sprain	16	1 session	Weight-bearing movement with mobilization: 3 sets × 10 repetitions	16a	1. Placebo: sham mobilization; 2. control: no movement with mobilization	16a	Weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion	Increased weight-bearing dorsiflexion after movement with mobilization
Green et al31	Acute lateral ankle sprain	38	Until full range of motion restored within 6 treatment sessions over the 14-d treatment period	1. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation for 20 min; 2. passive anteroposterior small-amplitude oscillatory joint mobilization of the talus: 2 sets of 60 s	19	Rest, ice, compression, and elevation only	19	Pain-free ankle dorsiflexion with the Lidcombe template (100 N)	Increased dorsiflexion after joint mobilization. The joint mobilization group achieved full, pain-free dorsiflexion with fewer sessions.
Therapeutic modalities
Sandoval  et al32	Grade 1 or 2 acute lateral ankle sprain	27	Until the participant reached the end of the treatment or until he or she completed the 8-wk treatment. Treatments were provided once a day with 5 sessions per wk.	1. High-voltage pulsed-current electrical stimulation (+) for 30 min and conventional treatmentsb; 2. high-voltage pulsed-current electrical stimulation (–) for 30 min and conventional treatmentsb	High-voltage pulsed-current electrical stimulation (+) = 8; high-voltage pulsed-current electrical stimulation (–) = 9	Conventional treatmentb	10	Ankle dorsiflexion with a goniometer	High-voltage pulsed-current electrical stimulation (+) = high-voltage pulsed-current electrical stimulation (–) = conventional treatmentsb
Borromeo  et al33	Acute lateral ankle sprain	32	3 treatment sessions within a 7-d period	Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (100% oxygen at 2 atm absolute pressure: 90 min for session 1 and 60 min for sessions 2 and 3) and standardized treatmentc	16	Air at 1.1 atm absolute pressure and standardized treatment	16	Active and passive dorsiflexion with a goniometer	Increased dorsiflexion over the course of treatment sessions in both groups
Peer et al36	Grade 1 or 2 acute lateral ankle sprain	5	Biomechanical muscle stimulation: 6 min; control treatment: 20 min	Biomechanical muscle stimulation (swisswing): 2 min each at 20 Hz on bottom of foot and gastrocnemius belly	5a	20 min of rest, ice, compression, and elevation	5a	Active dorsiflexion with 20° to 30° of knee flexion using a goniometer	Increased dorsiflexion after the biomechanical muscle stimulation treatment
Therapeutic exercises
Youdas et al34	Grade 1 or 2 acute lateral ankle sprain	21	6 wk	A standing static stretch to the calf muscle-tendon unit of the injured ankle Group 1: 30 s × 3 sets per day; group 2: 1 min × 3 sets per day; group 3: 2 min × 3 sets per day with a home exercise programd	30 s = 7 1 min = 8 2 min = 7	No control group	0	Active ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended using a goniometer	Increased dorsiflexion from baseline to 2-, 4-, and 6-wk measurements regardless of the duration of stretching
Psychological intervention
Christakou  et al35	Grade 2 acute lateral ankle sprain	18	4 sessions of the intervention phase and 12 sessions of imagery for 45 min	Relaxation and imagery program: 12 45-min sessions and physiotherapy programe (34.66 ± 4.33 d)	9	Physiotherapy program only (33.77± 4.57 d)	9	Passive dorsiflexion with a goniometer	Experimental = control

^aThe authors used the crossover experimental study design, and all participants received both experimental and control interventions.

^bConventional treatment included crushed ice bag for 20 min with elevation and isometric and resisted active exercises in all degrees of freedom of the ankle joint until the limits of pain without weight bearing.

^cStandardized treatment programs included naproxen; rest, ice, compression, and elevation; range-of-motion and strengthening exercises; and proprioceptive training.

^dThe home exercise program included active ankle range of motion; active resistive exercise to the affected ankle in all planes; proprioceptive training; and rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

^ePhysiotherapy program included hydromassage, ultrasound, a laser device, range-of-motion exercises, strengthening exercises, proprioceptive training, cycling on a stationary bicycle, forward lunges against a wall, step-ups and step-downs, diagonal hops, and stretching exercises.