Human and P. falciparum Uba2Ufd and Ubc9 interfaces are divergent. a, sequence alignment of S. cerevisiae (Sc) Uba2Ufd sequence, with corresponding regions from human (Hs) and P. falciparum (Pf) Uba2. Secondary structure is indicated with arrows for β sheets, and dashed closed lines for α-helices. Residues shown to be important for interactions between S. cerevisiae Uba2Ufd and Ubc9 are indicated in blue (19). Conserved residues are highlighted in green, and similarity is highlighted in yellow, with shading corresponding to degree of shared identity between the sequences. b, sequence alignment of S. cerevisiae, human and P. falciparum Ubc9. Residues involved in the S. cerevisiae Uba2Ufd and Ubc9 interaction, but which have diverged between human and P. falciparum Ubc9, are highlighted as black asterisks. Conservation is indicated as above. c–e, comparison of determined interactions between S. cerevisiae Uba2Ufd and Ubc9, and predicted interactions between the human and P. falciparum E1 and E2 enzyme interfaces.