FIGURE 4.

Metabolic conversion of carnosine-propanal to carnosine-propanol via aldose reductase. A, ESI⁺/MS spectra of the skeletal muscle homogenates (2–4 mg of protein) from WT (solid line) and AR-null (dotted line) mice incubated with acrolein for 18–24 h. B, the relative abundance of reduced versus non-reduced carnosine conjugates calculated as intensity ratio (reduced/non-reduced) in lysates of WT and AR-null skeletal muscle. Values are the mean ± S.E.; n = 3; *, p < 0.05, WT versus AR-null.