Table 3. Detailed description of psychiatric history and manifestations of CTX patients drawn from the medical literature.
| Psychiatric symptoms and signs (age) |
|---|
| P1: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, (<10) |
| P2: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Depressive episode, suicidal ideation and threats, aggressivity, assault threats, disinhibition, poor impulse control, fecal incontinence (49) |
| P3: NS (32) |
| P4: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Apathy, spasmodic laughter/cry (43) |
| P5: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral alteration, logorrhea, psychomotor excitation, distractibility, fleeting ideas, emotional lability, no spasmodic laughter/cry (39) |
| P6: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder (childhood), psychiatric institution (23) |
| P7: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Mood instability, affective disorder, predominantly depressive periods, phases of agitation/excitation even aggressivity (49) |
| P8: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, irritability, agitation (6 psychiatric hospitalizations before 32) personality disturbance, hypersexuality?(32) paranoid id., suicidal (41) |
| P9: (PSYCHOSIS) Psychosis atypical, paranoid delusion (37) |
| P10: (CATATONIA) Catatonia reactive to family stress?, akinetic, mute, fixed postures, urinary–fecal incontinence (27) |
| P11: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Aggressivity, agitated, required many hospitalizations (22) |
| P12: NS (25) |
| P13: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, aggressivity, destructive behavior (24) |
| P14: NS (between 17–33) |
| P15: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder (early childhood) |
| P16: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, lack of affection and neglect towards family, restlessness, disinhibition, apathy, abulia, PREDEMENTIA (38–40) |
| P17: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, behavioral changes |
| P18: (PSYCHOSIS) Psychosis |
| P19: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Depression |
| P20: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, Behavioral changes |
| P21: (PSYCHOSIS) Psychosis |
| P22: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, Behavioral changes |
| P23: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, Behavioral changes |
| P24: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, Behavioral changes |
| P25: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Depression |
| P26: (PSYCHOSIS) Psychosis |
| P27: (PSYCHOSIS) Psychosis |
| P28: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Depression, irritability, insomnia, crying spells, poor appetite, agitated; bullied constantly by her siblings with CTX since early teens (29) |
| P29: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, aggressivity towards sister (adolescence) |
| P30: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, Aggressivity towards sister (adolescence) |
| P31: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Depression (>26, 26–37) |
| P32: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Depression severe (49) |
| P33: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, poor judgment, self-neglect, altered sexual behavior, dysexec, irritability, anxiety (44) PERSONALITY disturbance profound, breakdown in social behavior (53) |
| P34: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, spasmodic laughter |
| P35: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, BEHAVIORAl disorder, aggressivity, irritability, awake at nights, anxiety, fight and hitting and hitting people (10) |
| P36: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, odd behavior could lose his job, but no aggressivity (>18) |
| P37: NS (40s) |
| P38: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disturbance at military, introverted (adolescence), paranoid delusions, undifferentiated schizophrenia and schizoid personality disturbance (20–40) |
| P39: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, ADHD (late childhood, adolescence) |
| P40: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Depression, benzodiazepine abuse, suicidal ideation |
| P41: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Mood/affective, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia |
| P42: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, aggressivity, irritability |
| P43: (BEHAVIORAL/PERSONALITY disorder) Behavioral/personality disorder, aggressivity, irritability |
| P44: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Anxiety |
| P45: (MOOD/AFFECTIVE disorder) Dysthymia |
| P46: NS |
| P47: NS |
| P48: NS |
| P49: NS |
| P50: NS |
| P51: NS |
| P52: NS |
| P53: NS |
| P54: NS |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; CTX, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis; NS: not specified.
In parentheses, age at onset of psychiatric symptomatology/semeiology.