FIGURE 1:

Cubic splines of HRs of all-cause mortality (A) and cardiovascular mortality (B) for time-averaged serum ALP levels using Cox regression analyses comparing four different age groups of 102 144 HD patients (n = 17 645 for patients 18 to <45 years old, n = 39 320 for patients 45 to <65 years old, n = 23 896 for patients 65 to <75 years old and n = 21 283 for patients ≥75 years old). Model adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, presence of diabetes mellitus, nine preexisting comorbidities, history of tobacco smoking, dialysis duration categories, marital status, primary insurance, types of vascular access, dialysis dose as indicated by single-pool Kt/V, the dosage of activated vitamin D agents, serum aspartate transaminase, albumin corrected calcium, phosphorus and intact PTH concentrations.