Table 1.

Demographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics of women participating in the WHI CT or OS by racial and ethnic groups

Characteristics	White (N = 131,481)		African–American (N = 14,323)		Hispanic (N = 6,362)		Native American (N = 694)		Asian/Pacific Islander (N = 4,148)
	N	Mean (SD) or %	N	Mean (SD) or %	N	Mean (SD) or %	N	Mean (SD) or %	N	Mean (SD) or %
WHI study population
Observational study	76612	58.3	7445	52.0	3513	55.2	406	58.5	2647	63.8
Clinical trial	54869	41.7	6878	48.0	2849	44.8	288	41.5	1501	36.2
Age at screening, y,  mean (SD)	131481	63.5 (7.2)	14323	61.6 (7.1)	6362	60.2 (6.8)	694	61.6 (7.4)	4148	63.0 (7.5)
50–59	41325	31.4	5967	41.7	3218	50.6	296	42.7	1468	35.4
60–69	59889	45.5	6133	42.8	2479	39.0	280	40.3	1738	41.9
70–79	30267	23.0	2223	15.5	665	10.5	118	17.0	942	22.7
Education
0–8 years	843	0.6	430	3.0	1137	18.2	51	7.4	78	1.9
Some high school	3668	2.8	1271	9.0	585	9.4	66	9.6	136	3.3
High school diploma/GED	23021	17.6	1969	13.9	1024	16.4	112	16.3	657	16.0
School after high school	49586	38.0	5506	38.9	2193	35.1	308	44.9	1427	34.7
College degree or higher	53529	41.0	4970	35.1	1311	21.0	149	21.7	1820	44.2
Type of insurance
Private and/or military/VA	117826	90.2	11287	80.7	4266	69.5	547	80.8	3808	92.6
Medicaid and/or medicare	9170	7.0	1715	12.3	687	11.2	74	10.9	222	5.4
None	3588	2.7	979	7.0	1185	19.3	56	8.3	83	2.0
Diabetes ever	6240	4.7	1989	13.9	594	9.3	113	16.4	340	8.2
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)	130336	27.7 (5.8)	14193	31.2 (6.7)	6295	29.1 (5.8)	680	30.0 (6.4)	4126	24.8 (4.6)
<25	48323	37.1	2283	16.1	1566	24.9	166	24.4	2415	58.5
25 to <30	45506	34.9	4623	32.6	2396	38.1	204	30.0	1261	30.6
≥30	36507	28.0	7287	51.3	2333	37.1	310	45.6	450	10.9
Physical activity, METs/wk
0 to <3	32786	26.1	5397	39.0	2243	37.3	233	34.5	1104	26.9
3 to <11.75	40548	32.3	4515	32.6	1917	31.9	221	32.7	1278	31.2
≥11.75	52141	41.6	3936	28.4	1855	30.8	221	32.7	1718	41.9
Current alcohol use
None	33545	25.7	7190	50.9	2727	43.6	301	43.8	2407	58.3
<1 drink/wk	43434	33.2	4408	31.2	2128	34.0	204	29.7	1216	29.4
1–6drinks/wk	36558	28.0	1935	13.7	1112	17.8	132	19.2	385	9.3
≥7 drinks/wk	17213	13.2	604	4.3	291	4.7	51	7.4	123	3.0
Smoking status
Never	64894	49.9	6958	49.5	3944	63.1	335	49.4	2973	72.1
Past	56623	43.5	5474	39.0	1858	29.7	273	40.3	987	23.9
Current	8512	6.5	1618	11.5	453	7.2	70	10.3	165	4.0
NSAID use	20936	15.9	1996	13.9	903	14.2	102	14.7	207	5.0
Ibuprofen use	14749	11.2	1123	7.8	620	9.7	67	9.7	144	3.5
Prescription NSAID use	6800	5.2	943	6.6	319	5.0	35	5.0	69	1.7
Daily dietary intake
Energy, kcal	128597	1649.9	13253	1616.3	5884	1656.7	647	1638.6	3946	1493.4
		(619.3)		(769.9)		(789.6)		(724.7)		(642.9)
Dietary fiber, g	128597	16.4 (6.7)	13253	14.2 (7.1)	5884	15.4 (7.8)	647	15.2 (7.0)	3946	14.8 (6.6)
Red meat, med serv/day	128597	0.7 (0.5)	13253	0.8 (0.7)	5884	0.8 (0.7)	647	0.8 (0.6)	3946	0.6 (0.6)
Fruits and vegetables,   med serv/day	128592	4.2 (2.1)	13253	3.7 (2.2)	5884	3.3 (2.1)	647	3.5 (2.0)	3946	3.9 (2.2)
Total calcium (diet+supp  +med), mg/d
<400	7034	5.5	3115	23.5	727	12.4	88	13.6	600	15.2
400 to <800	31270	24.3	5041	38.0	1850	31.4	188	29.1	1103	28.0
800 to <200	32583	25.3	2662	20.1	1435	24.4	163	25.2	939	23.8
≥1200	57709	44.9	2434	18.4	1872	31.8	208	32.1	1304	33.0
Prior HTa use
Never	54869	41.8	8556	59.8	3287	51.7	342	49.3	1592	38.4
Past	21334	16.2	2162	15.1	879	13.8	117	16.9	602	14.5
Current	55181	42.0	3582	25.0	2186	34.4	235	33.9	1952	47.1
Duration of prior HT use, y
None	54869	41.7	8556	59.7	3287	51.7	342	49.3	1592	38.4
<5	28572	21.7	2905	20.3	1470	23.1	127	18.3	988	23.8
5 to <10	17411	13.2	1145	8.0	624	9.8	79	11.4	644	15.5
≥10	30625	23.3	1715	12.0	981	15.4	146	21.0	924	22.3
First degree relatives with  colorectal cancer
None	100868	84.4	10223	85.0	4989	89.1	498	85.1	3192	83.9
1	16662	13.9	1545	12.9	545	9.7	78	13.3	513	13.5
2 or more	1961	1.6	253	2.1	64	1.1	9	1.5	98	2.6
Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy,  or flexible sigmoidoscopy	66251	52.9	6355	46.1	2189	36.6	288	42.7	2050	50.0
Never	58983	47.2	7430	54.1	3787	63.6	386	57.5	2047	50.0
Less than 5 years ago	41609	33.3	3829	27.9	1305	21.9	174	25.9	1366	33.4
5 or more years ago	24436	19.5	2483	18.1	866	14.5	111	16.5	679	16.6
FOBT	95523	76.3	9908	71.9	3407	57.0	457	68.2	3052	74.5
Never	29592	23.7	3879	28.3	2572	43.2	213	31.8	1042	25.5
Less than 5 years ago	72450	58.0	6351	46.4	2230	37.4	316	47.2	2326	56.9
5 or more years ago	22823	18.3	3470	25.3	1155	19.4	140	20.9	717	17.6
History of colon polyp removal	11288	9.2	1067	7.9	354	6.0	57	8.6	402	9.9

NOTE: All P-values <0.001 for tests of association between descriptive characteristics and race/ethnicity.

^aEstrogen alone or estrogen plus progesterone.

Abbreviations: VA, Veterans Administration.