Table 1.
Study Characteristics
| Study | Hospital | ICU Mortality Change | Average Length of Stay(LOS) Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rosenfeld et al. 2000 [21]. | A ten-bed surgical ICU in at Johns Hopkins Medical Institution. | Severity-adjusted Mortality rate in - ICU is decreased by 46% - Hospital by 30% |
ICU length of stay decreased by 30% |
| Breslow et al. 2004 [15]. | Sentara (VA) | 26.4% reduction at the end of first year | Observed 5.6 to 4.8 days decrease in LOS |
| Shaffer J, et al. 2005 [26]. | Health First (Integrated network on Florida’s East Coast) |
Associated with significant decrease in mortality rate Odd ratio of pre to post is 0.72 |
|
| Dickhaus D., 2006 [27]. | Community Hospital in Weston, WI and Jefferson City hospital | A decrease in mortality is observed | 17% decrease in LOS resulted. |
| Ikeda D, et al. 2006 [28]. | Sutter health, Sacramento. | Actual ICU mortality rate reduced from 40.07% to 18.86%. Estimated of 56 lives were saved over 30-months period | |
| Young B, 2006 [29]. | Parkview Hospital, Fort Wayne | Cardiac arrest decline from 9 months prior average of 38% to 28% | |
| Gracias et al. 2007 [12]. | Surgical intensive care units (SICU) at Pennsylvania Health System | Mortality rate decrease from 5.5% to 2.6%. | |
| Howell G. et al. 2007 [30]. | Saint Luke’s Health System |
Severity-adjusted ICU mortality went from 1.0 to 0.68, Hospital mortality from 0.95 to 0.77, |
ICU LOS from 1.18 to 0.96 and hospital LOS from 1.09 to 0.84. |
| Kohl et al. 2007 [9]. | University of Pennsylvania Health System | Reduction in ICU mortality rate from 8.4% to 3.1%. (63%) Hospital mortality rate reduced from 11.1% to 6%. (46%). |
Decreased between 3.7-4.4 days in average. |
| Kohl B., 2007 [31]. | University of Pennsylvania health institute | 10% reduction in LOS in ICU. 20% reduction in Floor stay. (cost saving of $ 700,000 to 2.850,000) |
|
| Mora A., 2007 [32]. | The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, | Majority of resident’s perceived eICU improves patient care (82.3%) and 66.7% of residents expressed a desire to have remote Telemonitoring involved in the care of their patients. | |
| Rincon T., 2007 [33]. | The Bay Area Sacramento | A total estimated savings of $132,859 for 2007. | |
| Rincon T, et al. 2007 [34]. | Sutter health. Sacramento | Accurate sepsis identification can be achieved from eICU, improved sepsis bundle compliance and reduced mortality observed after using eICU |
|
| Zawada E.,2007 [35]. | Avera Health System | Annual reduction in 4146 ICU days and 572 hospital days. | |
| Coletti C., 2008 [36]. | Christiana CareHealth System, Newark | 77% of surveyed residents reported that the eICU associated with improved patient safety. | |
| Howell G, et al. 2008 [37]. | University of Missouri, Kansas City. |
Both ICU and hospital mortality improved. | Severity adjusted ICU LOS improved from 0.84 to 0.03. Severity adjusted hospital LOS improved from 0.97 to 0.64. |
| The New England Healthcare Institute, 2008 [13]. | University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center |
209 lives were saved in 2007 | Hospital length of stay reduced by 4 days on average. Cost saving averaged $5000 per patient |
| Goran SF., et al., 2008 [8]. | Maine Medical Center | Estimate of 5-20% reduction in mortality rate. For an estimated 2000 adult ICU admissions/year, 100 additional patients per year survive | |
| Zawada E., 2008 [11]. | Rural center close to Avera Heath system | 160 patients were prevented from transfer to a tertiary hospital for a savings of $1,202,379 |
|
| Thomas, E., et al. 2009 [17]. | Non-profit health system of gulf coast region | Reduction in mortality by 1.4%-2.1% | No significant differences in LOS pre and post Tele-ICU |
| Zawada et al. 2009 [38]. | Conducted in Avera Health System (One large tertiary hospital, three rural hospitals, two community hospitals and 9 critical care centers | Adjusted mortality rate range between unchanged and 29% reduction. | LOS reduction ranged from 45% to 22.5%. (9 sites) |
| Morrison et al. 2010 [15]. | two community hospitals in the metropolitan Chicago area | No significant effect on ICU/non-ICU/total mortality | No effect on LOS. |
| Lilly, C., et al. 2011 [19]. | University of Massachusetts | 2.1% decrease | 1.9 days decrease |
| Young, L., et al. 2011 [20]. | Review | Odds ratio for pooled data was 0.80 which shows reduction | 1.26 days decrease |
| Willmitch, B., et al. 2012 [16]. | South Florida | 0.55 day decrease |