Confluent immortalized PNMEC cultures were incubated overnight (16 h) (A, C) in the absence (Veh: 0.01% ethanol (A, C), 0.6% DMSO (B, D)) or presence (10 µM) of activated simvastatin (Sim), lovastatin (Lov), or pravastatin (Prav) or (B, D) GGTI-298 or FTI-277, as indicated. Pretreated cultures were subsequently incubated without (media) or with TNF-α (10 ng/ml; 2 h, mRNA; 4 h, protein). Relative changes in CCL2 mRNA or protein content were quantified by qRT-PCR and cell-based ELISA, respectively. Data shown are the means ± SEM (N = 3–9) from two independent experiments. Relative changes in CCL2 mRNA content were normalized to GAPDH expression. Data are expressed as a percentage change from vehicle pretreated TNF-α stimulated controls. In each case (A–D), no statistically significant differences were observed between vehicle- and inhibitor-pretreated TNF-α stimulated cultures.