Table 2.

Studies relating vitamin D with respiratory disorder

Author	Year	Country–population	Study subjects	Sample size	Methods	Respiratory disorder	Association between vitamin D and risk of disorder
Devereux et al59	2007	Scotland	Mother–child pairs (early childhood)	2,000	Maternal food-frequency questionnaire	Wheezing in children	Inversely
Camargo et al60	2007	USA	Mother–child pairs (early childhood)	1,194	Maternal food-frequency questionnaire	Wheezing in children	Inversely
Erkkola et al62	2009	Finland	5 years	1,669	Maternal food-frequency questionnaire	Asthma, allergic rhinitis in children	Inversely
Camargo et al72	2010	New Zealand	Newborns to 5 years	929	Cord blood 25(OH)D	Asthma, wheezing	Inversely in wheezing, none in asthma
Carroll et al73	2011	Canada	Mother–infant pairs	340	Maternal whole blood 25(OH)D	Asthma in mothers; bronchiolitis in children	Inversely in mothers, none in children
Camargo et al74	2010	USA	Newborns	922	Cord blood 25(OH)D	Asthma, respiratory infection, wheezing	None in asthma, inversely in respiratory infection, wheezing
Morales et al76	2012	Spain	Offspring 1–4 years 4–6 years	1,724	Maternal plasma 25(OH)D	Asthma, wheezing in offspring	None
Pike et al77	2012	UK	6-year-old children	860	Maternal serum 25(OH)D	Asthma, wheeze or atopy	None
Brehm et al82	2009	Costa Rica	Children	616	Serum 25(OH)D levels	Asthma, allergy	Inversely
Brehm et al83	2010	African American	Children	1,024	Serum 25(OH)D levels	Asthma	Inversely
Brehm et al84	2012	Puerto Rican	Children	560	Serum 25(OH)D levels	Asthma	Inversely
Freishtat et al85	2010	African American	Youth	113	Serum 25(OH)D levels	Asthma	Inversely
Chinellato et al87	2011	Italy	Children	75	Serum 25(OH)D levels	Asthma	Inversely
Alyasin et al90	2011	Iran	Children	100	Serum 25(OH)D levels	Asthma	Inversely
Li et al101	2011	People’s Republic of China	Adults	435	Serum 25(OH)D levels	Asthma–lung function	Inversely

Abbreviation: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.