Table 1. Summary of included studies.
| ID | Author | Year | Origin | Mid-year | ICU type | tScreen/site (detection) | VRE (%) Ad. (N) | VRE(%) Acq, (n) | Resistance phenotype | Quality Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Climo MW [26] | 2013 | USA | 2008 | 6 ICUs | 48h/R (NA) | NA | B | ||
| #1 | (Intervention)† | 16.3(3970) | 2.4 (3323) | NA | ||||||
| #2 | (Control) | 15.1(3842) | 3.3 (3262) | NA | ||||||
| 2 | Batis tao DW [27] | 2012 | Brasil | 2009 | ICU | 48h/R(C) | 15.0(333) | 9.9 (283) | VanC (99%) | A |
| 3 | Grabsch EA [28] | 2012 | Australia | Ad/R,F(C) | VanB(>95%) | A | ||||
| #1 | 2009 | ICU | 6.0(662) | |||||||
| #2 | 2010 | Liver | 4.7(1430) | |||||||
| #3 | 2009 | ICU | 9.1(515) | |||||||
| #4 | 2010 | Liver | 8.7(1196) | |||||||
| 4 | Kim YJ [29] | 2012 | Korea | 2010 | MICU | 48h/R(C) | 17.6(1048) | 12.3 (864) | VanA(100%) | B |
| 5 | Pan SC [30] | 2012 | Taiwan | 2008 | SICU | 24h/R(C) | 5.9(871) | 5.7 (820) | NA | B |
| 6 | Yoon YK [31] | 2012 | Korea | 2010 | MICU,SICU | Ad/R(C) | 3.4(4445) | NA | B | |
| 7 | Huang SS [32] | 2011 | USA | 2004 | 8 ICUs | Ad/R(NA) | 8.0(8203) | 2.9 (7806) | NA | B |
| 8 | Huskins WC [33] | 2011 | USA | 2006 | 48h/R(C) | NA | B | |||
| #1 | (Intervention)†† | 10 ICUs | 16.9(2286) | 14.8(2132) | ||||||
| #2 | (Control) | 8 ICUs | 22.1(1503) | 12.9(1356) | ||||||
| 9 | Minhas P [34] | 2011 | USA | 2008 | NICU | 48h/ R(C) | 2.5(766) | NA | A | |
| 10 | Climo MW [35] | 2009 | USA | 2005 | 6 ICUs | 48h/R(C) | NA | B | ||
| #1 | Soap bathing | 9.0 (2670) | 2.5(2429) | |||||||
| #2 | Chlorhexidine bathing | 8.6 (2650) | 1.2(2422) | |||||||
| 11 | Song JY [36] | 2009 | Korea | 2007 | ICU | 48h/R(C) | 4.4(780) | VanA(100%) | A | |
| 12 | Wibbenmeyer L[37] | 2009 | USA | 2007 | Burn | 48h/R (PCR) | 10.5(484) | 12.1 (423) | NA | A |
| 13 | Drees M [38] | 2008 | USA | 2002 | MICU,SICU | 48h/R (C) | 8.9(1330) | 4.1 (1212) | NA | B |
| 14 | Lambiase A [39] | 2007 | Italy | 2004 | ICU | Ad/F,U,Res (C) | 3.7(700) | VanA (77%) | B | |
| 18 | Littvik AM [40] | 2006 | Argentina | 2003 | ICU | Ad/R (C) | 8.2(147) | 4.4(135) | VanA (93%) | A |
| 15 | Peta M [41] | 2006 | Italy | 2003 | ICU | 24h/R (C) | 2.6(509) | 9.5 (453) | VanA (100%) | B |
| 16 | Shadel BN [10] | 2006 | USA | 1998 | MICU | Ad/RF (NA) | 9.7(1872) | 9.8 (1690) | NA | B |
| 17 | Vernon MO [42] | 2006 | USA | 2003 | MICU | <72h/ R(C) | NA | A | ||
| Soap and water bath | 18.0(362) | 20.2(77) | ||||||||
| Chlorhexidine bath | 16.0(462) | 7.8(77) | ||||||||
| Non-medicated cloth | 19.0(364) | 11.5(69) | ||||||||
| 19 | Furuno JP [43] | 2005 | USA | 2003 | MICU,SICU | 48h/R (C) | 10.1(2440) | NA | B | |
| 20 | Harris AD [44] | 2004 | USA | 2002 | MICU,SICU | 72h/R (C) | 10.0(1362) | NA | B | |
| 21 | Winston LG [45] | 2004 | USA | 2003 | ICUs | Twice Wk/R(C) | NA | B | ||
| (Post-switch) ‡ | 7.4(537) | 7.6 (497) | ||||||||
| (Pre-switch) | 8.3(399) | 11.5 (366) | ||||||||
| 22 | Yeh KM [46] | 2004 | Taiwan | 2000 | ICUs | Ad/R,F (C) | 8.0(4538) | VanA>>VanB | B | |
| 23 | De Jonge E [47] | 2003 | Holland | 2000 | ICU | 48h/R,Res (C) | NA | B | ||
| #1 | (Intervention)‡‡ | 1.4(432) | 1.1 (378) | |||||||
| #2 | (Control) | 0.9(436) | 1.3 (395) | |||||||
| 24 | Ho PL [48] | 2003 | Hong- Kong | 1999 | ICUs | Ad/R (C) | 0.1(1663) | VanA (one case) | A | |
| 25 | Martinez JA [49] | 2003 | USA | 1997 | MICU | 48h/R (C) | 18.9(169) | 22.6 (137) | NA | B |
| 26 | Padiglione AA [11] | 2003 | Australia | 1999 | 11 ICUs | 48h/R (C) | 0.6(3086) | 1.2 (1992) | VanB (92%) | B |
| 27 | Warren DK [50] | 2003 | USA | 2000 | MICU | Ad/R (C) | 24.5(519) | 21.0 (352) | NA | A |
| 28 | Gardiner D [51] | 2002 | USA | 1999 | MICU | 24h/R,U,F (C) | 42.6(47) | 22.2 (27) | NA | A |
| 29 | Puzniak LA [52] | 2002 | USA | 1998 | MICU | Ad/R,F (C) | 7.0(2631) | 7.8 (1684) | NA | B |
| 30 | Hendrix CW [53] | 2001 | USA | 1996 | MICU,SICU | Ad/R,U, Res (C) | 9.4(117) | 11.3 (106) | NA | B |
| 31 | Marin ME [54] | 2001 | Argentina | 2000 | ICU | Ad/R (C) | 0.7(136) | NA | A | |
| 32 | Dan M [55] | 1999 | Israel | 1996 | ICU | End of wk/R (C) | 9.8(61) | 14.5 (55) | VanA(100%) | A |
| 33 | Grayson ML [56] | 1999 | Australia | 1997 | ICU | 72h/R,F (C) | 0.7(134) | VanB (one case) | A | |
| 34 | Ostrowsky BE [57] | 1999 | USA | 1995 | SICU | 24h/R(C) | 12.1(290) | 14.1 (78) | VanA(85%) | B |
| 35 | Zuckerman RA [58] | 1999 | USA | 1995 | SICU | 24h/R (C) | 6.3(80) | 9.8 (51) | NA | A |
| 36 | Bonten MJ [24,25] | 1998 | USA | 1995 | MICU | 48h/R, Res,G (C) | 14.3(301) | 21.3 (258) | VanA(60%) | A |
| 37 | Slaughter S [59] | 1996 | USA | 1995 | MICU | 72h/R (C) | 15.5(181) | 29.4 (153) | VanA(76%) | A |
Data stratified by year, ICU type and intervention (where available). N,n=evaluable samples, tScreen= time within screening cultures were obtained, Ad= when admitted ,C=culture based, G=groins, F=fecal, R=rectal, Res=respiratory, U=urine, NA=not available, Quality score [A (>9), B≤9]. † Chlorhexidine bathing, †† VRA/MRSA surveillance and expanded barrier precautions, ‡ from ticarcillin-clavulanate to piperacillin-tazobactam, ‡‡ selective digestive tract decontamination