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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Obes. 2013 Jun 11;9(3):218–231. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00164.x

Table 4.

Mixed Effects Modelsa to Evaluate Intervention Efficacy on Secondary Behavioral Outcomes

Continuous Outcomes Group*Time
Interaction		 Group Main Effect
Intervention Control p-value
p-value Meanf SE Meanf SE
Dietary measures b
Fat consumption ---e 18.1 .41 19.3 .40 .038
Sugary beverage consumption .49 .38 .03 .50 .03 .008
100% fruit juice consumption .17 .45 .03 .51 .02 .054
Log fruit servings .64 .75 .02 .73 .02 .67
Log vegetable servings .92 .64 .02 .59 .02 .12
Water servings per dayd ---e 2.41 .09 2.36 .09 .67
Physical Activity Measures c ---e
Active time ---e 391.8 5.5 395.5 4.3 .59
Sedentary time ---e 382.9 5.7 376.6 5.8 .43
MVPA ---e 59.3 2.3 58.9 2.3 .89
Log days meeting PA guidelines ---e .89 .07 .88 .07 .97
Group*Time
Interaction		 Condition Main Effect:
Intervention vs. Control
Meeting Dietary Guidelinesb p-value OR 95% CI p-value
100% fruit juice .99 2.50 1.28, 4.89 .007
Fruit .92 .84 .60, 1.17 .30
Vegetable .82 1.52 1.07, 2.17 .021
Waterd ----e 1.05 .67, 1.62 .84
Meeting PA Guidelines c
MVPA ----e 1.38 .67, 2.86 .39
a

Mixed effects or generalized linear mixed models were used to adjust for the clustering effects of recreation centers for all outcomes, and repeated measures over time for outcomes measured at M2 and M3. Terms in all models (with the exception of water servings and physical activity measures) included the baseline level for the outcome variable (M1), time and condition main effects. For models with repeated measures, a condition by time interaction was also included. If the interaction term was not significant, the interaction was dropped from the model and a second model was fitted. The test for condition main effect is based on the second model.

b

All dietary outcome models were adjusted for caregiver ethnicity, acculturation, education and age, child gender, and BMI.

c

All physical activity outcome models were adjusted for time accelerometer was worn, child age, gender, and BMI. No adjustments were made for M1 due to the small sample size at M1.

d

For water servings per day, no adjustment was made for M1.

e

No interaction could be tested since only M3 measure was available.

f

Adjusted mean from mixed effects analysis.

MVPA= moderate and vigorous physical activity.