Table 1.
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Major Clinical Trials
| Study | Patients (treated/control) | Cell Type | Route | Time Post-AMI | Imaging Technique | Follow-Up (months) | Outcomes in Treated Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strauer43 | 10/10 | BMC | IC | 5–9 days | LV angiogram, DSE | 3 | Improved infarct size, volumes & wall motion, safety outcomes, No difference in EF |
| TOPCARE-AMI44,45 | 29 vs. 30 | BMC vs. EPC | IC | < 5 days | LV angiogram, Cardiac MRI | 4 & 12 | Improved EF by 8 %, infarct size, volumes & wall motion, + safety outcomes |
| BOOST46 | 30/30 | BMC | IC | 4–8 days | Cardiac MRI | 6 & 18 | Transient improved EF by 6.7 %, + safety outcomes |
| Chen47 | 34/35 | MSC | IC | 18 days | LV angiogram, Echo | 6 | Improved EF by 18 %, infarct size, wall motion & LVEDV, + safety outcomes |
| Fernandez-Aviles48 | 20/13 | BMC | IC | 12–20 days | Cardiac MRI, LV angiogram | 6 | Improved EF by 5.8 %, volumes & wall motion, + safety outcomes |
| Bartunek49 | 19/16 | BMC (CD133+) | IC | 10–12 days | LV angiogram, SPECT | 4 | Improved EF by 7 % & wall motion |
| Ruan50 | 9/11 | BMC | IC | < 7 days | Echo | 6 | Improved EF by 6 %, volumes & + safety outcomes |
| REPAIR-AMI51,52 | 102/102 | BMC | IC | 3–7 days | LV angiogram, Cardiac MRI | 4, 12 & 24 | Improved EF by 5.5 %, volumes & mortality, + safety outcomes |
| ASTAMI53 | 47/50 | BMC | IC | 4–7 days | SPECT, Echo, Cardiac MRI | 12 | + safety outcomes, no difference in EF |
| Janssens54 | 33/34 | BMC | IC | < 1 day | Cardiac MRI | 4 | Improved infarct size, No difference in EF, + safety outcomes |
| Fincell55 | 40/40 | BMC | IC | 2–6 days | LV angiogram, IVUS, Echo, | 6 | Improved EF by 7 %, + safety outcomes |
| Krause56 | 20/0 | BMC | Trans-endocardial | 10.5 days | Echo, EMM, LV angiogram | 6 & 12 | Improved electromechanical parameters, Improved EF by 6.8 %, + safety outcomes |
| REGENT57 | 80 vs. 80/40 | BMC vs. CD34+CXCR4+ | IC | 7 days | LV angiogram, Cardiac MRI | 6 | No difference in EF or volumes |
| MYSTAR58 | 60 | BMC | IM vs. IC | 3–6 weeks vs. 3–4 months | LV angiogram | 9–12 | Improved EF but no significant difference between groups |
| Hare59 | 53 | MSC (allogeneic) | IV | 1–10 days | Echo, Cardiac MRI | 12 | Improved EF by 5.2 % & volumes, Decreased arrhythmias, + safety outcomes |
| LateTIME60 | 58/29 | BMC | IC | 2–3 weeks | Cardiac MRI | 6 | No difference in EF or volumes |
| Penn27 | 19/6 | MAPC (allogeneic) | Adventitial | 2–5 days | Echo | 4 | Significant improved EF by 12.6 % & volumes, + safety outcomes |
| APOLLO61 | 9/4 | ASC | IC | < 1 day | Cardiac MRI, SPECT | 6 | Improved EF by 4 %, scar formation, & perfusion defect, + safety outcomes |
| Osiris62 | 110/110 | MSC (allogeneic) | IV | < 7 days | Cardiac MRI | 6 | Decreased hypertrophy, arrhythmias & re-hospitalizations, + safety outcomes (No mention of EF) |
| TIME63,64 | 43/24 vs. 36/17 | BMC | IC | 3 vs. 7 days | Cardiac MRI | 6 | No difference in EF or effect on LV function |
| SWISS-AMI65 | 59 vs. 49/60 | BMC | IC | 1 week vs. 4 weeks | Cardiac MRI | Ongoing | No effect on LV function at 4 months |
BMC bone marrow-derived cells; IC intracoronary; LV left ventricular; DSE dobutamine stress echocardiogram; EF ejection fraction; EPC endothelial progenitor cells; MRI magnetic resonance imaging; + positive; MSC mesenchymal stem cells; Echo echocardiogram; LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume; SPECT single photon emission computed tomography; IVUS intravascular ultrasound; EMM electromechanical mapping; CXCR4 CXC chemokine receptor type-4; IM intramuscular; IV intravenous; MAPC multipotent adult progenitor cells; ASC adipose-derived stem cells