Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the 3,810 Patients at Baseline, Stratified by Age, the HIV Outpatient Study, 2006–2010
| Baseline Characteristic* | Age < 40 years (n = 1,189) | Age 40–49 years (n = 1,615) | Age ≥ 50 years (n = 1,006) | P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years: median (IQR‡) | 34 (29–37) | 44 (42–47) | 54 (52–58) | < 0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 861 (72.4) | 1,304 (80.7) | 836 (83.1) | < 0.001 |
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 513 (43.2) | 901 (55.8) | 596 (59.2) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 453 (38.1) | 475 (29.4) | 286 (28.4) | |
| Hispanic | 174 (14.6) | 181 (11.2) | 97 (9.6) | |
| Other | 49 (4.1) | 58 (3.6) | 27 (2.7) | |
| Year of HOPS entry, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| 2005 or earlier | 724 (60.9) | 1,234 (76.4) | 805 (80.0) | |
| 2006 or later | 465 (39.1) | 381 (23.6) | 201 (20.0) | |
| Years observed, median (IQR) | 4.3 (2.3–5.0) | 5.0 (2.8–5.0) | 5.0 (2.6–5.0) | < 0.001 |
| Total person-years of observation | 4,308 | 6,306 | 3,895 | 0.19 |
| Primary insurance type, n (%) | 0.05 | |||
| Private | 666 (56.0) | 942 (58.4) | 550 (54.7) | |
| Public | 408 (34.3) | 544 (33.7) | 383 (38.1) | |
| None | 115 (9.7) | 127 (7.9) | 73 (7.3) | |
| HIV risk, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| MSM | 691 (58.1) | 959 (59.4) | 567 (56.4) | |
| Heterosexual | 372 (31.3) | 397 (24.6) | 233 (23.2) | |
| IDU | 40 (3.4) | 142 (8.8) | 131 (13.0) | |
| Other/unknown | 86 (7.2) | 117 (7.2) | 75 (7.5) | |
| Prior AIDS diagnosis, n (%) | 538 (45.3) | 978 (60.6) | 653 (64.9) | < 0.001 |
| Current/prior tobacco use, n (%) | 461 (38.8) | 690 (42.7) | 446 (44.3) | 0.02 |
| Illicit substance§ or alcohol abuse, n (%) | 77 (6.5) | 156 (9.7) | 78 (7.8) | 0.01 |
| Depression, n (%) | 399 (33.6) | 633 (39.2) | 366 (36.4) | 0.01 |
| Anxiety, n (%) | 155 (13.0) | 265 (16.4) | 167 (16.6) | 0.02 |
| Insomnia, n (%) | 162 (13.6) | 258 (16.0) | 186 (18.5) | 0.008 |
| Other mental illness‖, n (%) | 79 (6.6) | 122 (7.6) | 59 (5.9) | 0.24 |
| Cancer¶, n (%) | 26 (2.2) | 85 (5.3) | 104 (10.3) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 702 (59.0) | 1,246 (77.2) | 820 (81.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 212 (17.8) | 489 (30.3) | 513 (51.0) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 78 (6.6) | 172 (10.7) | 218 (21.7) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 83 (7.0) | 193 (12.0) | 249 (24.8) | < 0.001 |
| Hepatitis B or C, n (%) | 113 (9.5) | 321 (19.9) | 250 (24.9) | < 0.001 |
| Nadir CD4+ cell count < 200 cells/mm3, n (%) | 515 (43.3) | 860 (53.3) | 545 (54.2) | < 0.001 |
| Nadir CD4+ cell count, cells/mm3, median (IQR) | 236 (74–351) | 181 (59–320) | 182 (67–325) | < 0.001 |
| CD4+ cell count, cells/mm3, median (IQR) | 419 (243–603) | 432 (253–655) | 444 (270–661) | 0.01 |
| CD4+ cell count category, cells/mm3 | 0.03 | |||
| < 200 | 241 (20.3) | 304 (18.8) | 168 (16.7) | |
| 200–349 | 219 (18.4) | 321 (19.9) | 202 (20.1) | |
| 350–499 | 279 (23.5) | 315 (19.5) | 203 (20.2) | |
| 500+ | 450 (37.9) | 675 (41.8) | 432 (43.0) | |
| HIV RNA viral load, log10 copies/mL, median (IQR) | 2.6 (1.4–4.5) | 1.5 (1.4–4.0) | 1.4 (1.4–2.8) | < 0.001 |
| Viral load < 400 copies/mL, n (%) | 593 (49.9) | 1,029 (63.7) | 741 (73.7) | < 0.001 |
| Daily number of non-ARV prescription medications prescribed, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (1–6) | 4 (2–7) | < 0.001 |
| Daily number of ARV medications prescribed, median (IQR) | 3 (0–3) | 3 (1–3) | 3 (3–3) | < 0.001 |
| Total daily number of medications prescribed, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–8) | 7 (4–10) | < 0.001 |
| ARV treatment status | < 0.001 | |||
| ARV-naïve, n (%) | 321 (27.0) | 222 (13.8) | 114 (11.3) | |
| ARV-experienced, currently not prescribed ARVs, n (%) | 130 (10.9) | 161 (10.0) | 78 (7.8) | |
| ARV-experienced, currently prescribed ARVs, n (%) | 738 (62.1) | 1,232 (76.3) | 814 (80.9) | |
| Time prescribed ARVs during follow-up, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| < 75 % | 179 (15.1) | 208 (12.9) | 76 (7.6) | |
| 75–99 % | 286 (24.2) | 557 (34.6) | 345 (34.3) | |
| 100 % | 719 (60.7) | 845 (52.5) | 584 (58.1) | |
| ARV regimen type, n (%) | 0.17 | |||
| PI-containing | 369 (31.0) | 619 (38.3) | 411 (40.9) | |
| NNRTI-containing | 306 (25.7) | 468 (29.0) | 301 (29.9) | |
| PI and NNRTI-containing | 24 (2.0) | 61 (3.8) | 49 (4.9) | |
| Triple NRTI | 22 (1.9) | 48 (3.0) | 30 (3.0) | |
| Non-HAART# | 11 (0.9) | 26 (1.6) | 19 (1.9) | |
| Integrase inhibitor | 6 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | |
| Fusion inhibitor | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Other ARV agent** | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
*Characteristics and diagnoses were applied as follows: insurance status at closest visit to baseline date; any diagnoses up to 6 months after baseline date; nadir CD4 at any time before or during follow-up period; CD4 cell count at closest visit to baseline date; viral load at closest visit to baseline date; ARV experience up to and including beginning of baseline date; daily number of medications taken at closest visit to baseline date
†Comparisons made across three age groups
‡ IQR interquartile range, MSM men who have sex with men, IDU injection drug use, ARV antiretroviral, PI protease inhibitor, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NRTI nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy
§Illicit substances includes the following entries: amphetamines, cocaine, heroin, poly-substance abuse
‖Other mental illness includes the following diagnosis entries: psychosis/schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mania, chronic mental illness
¶Cancers are non-AIDS-defining: Hodgkin, skin, liver, lung, bone, brain, breast, ovarian, prostate, testicular, anal/rectal, colon, thyroid, esophageal, renal, pancreatic, leukemia, stomach/GI, other
#HAART defined as three or more ARVs from two different classes
**Two dual NRTI regimens, one not specified