Table 3.
Baseline Characteristics of Depressed Clients (N = 1018) in Outcomes Analysis, by Intervention Group Status
| Overall (N = 1018) | RS (N = 504) | CEP (N = 514) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Service sector, no. (%) | |||
| Primary care or public health | 290 (29.9) | 134 (27.9) | 156 (31.8) |
| Mental health services | 195 (17.8) | 110 (20.9) | 85 (14.9) |
| Substance abuse | 230 (21.8) | 111 (21.1) | 119 (22.4) |
| Homeless services | 162 (16.4) | 92 (18.7) | 70 (14.2) |
| Community-based | 141 (14.1) | 57 (11.4) | 84 (16.7) |
| Age, years | 45.8 ± 12.9 | 44.9 ± 12.4 | 46.6 ± 13.2 |
| Female, no. (%) | 595 (57.0) | 286 (54.8) | 309 (59.1) |
| Ethnicity, no. (%) | |||
| Latino | 409 (41.0) | 194 (38.8) | 215 (43.1) |
| African American | 488 (46.0) | 239 (46.9) | 249 (45.0) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 86 (9.2) | 45 (9.7) | 41 (8.8) |
| Other | 35 (3.8) | 26 (4.6) | 9 (3.1) |
| Married or living with partner, no. (%) | 231 (22.6) | 116 (22.6) | 115 (22.6) |
| Less than high school education, no. (%) | 446 (43.6) | 221 (43.7) | 224 (43.5) |
| ≥ 3 chronic medical conditions of 18, no. (%) | 548 (54.7) | 270 (54.4) | 278 (55.1) |
| Family income from work, past 12 months ≤ $10,000, no. (%) | 755 (73.6) | 374 (75.2) | 381 (72.1) |
| Family income under federal poverty level, no. (%) | 750 (73.7) | 373 (74.5) | 377 (73.0) |
| No health insurance, no. (%) | 545 (54.1) | 286 (57.3) | 259 (51.1) |
| Working for pay, no. (%) | 205 (20.0) | 105 (20.6) | 100 (19.4) |
| Homeless or ≥ 2 risk factors for homelessness, no. (%)* | 536 (52.7) | 283 (56.2) | 253 (49.2) |
| 12-month depressive disorder, no. (%) | 629 (61.9) | 311 (62.4) | 318 (61.4) |
| Alcohol abuse or use of illicit drugs 12 months, no. (%) | 398 (39.3) | 180 (36.3) | 218 (42.2) |
| Poor mental health quality of life, no. (%)† | 546 (53.2) | 271 (53.8) | 275 (52.7) |
| Good physical functioning and activity, no. (%)‡ | 114 (11.0) | 60 (11.8) | 54 (10.3) |
| Mental wellness, no. (%)§ | 407 (39.7) | 200 (39.2) | 207 (40.1) |
Plus–minus values are means ± SD; data were multiply imputed and weighted for eligible sample for enrollment; Chi-square test was used for a comparison between the two groups accounting for the design effect of the cluster randomization; P > 0.05 for all comparisons
RS Resources for Services or individual program technical assistance, CEP Community Engagement and Planning
*Homeless or living in a shelter, or at least two risk factors of four (at least two nights homeless, food insecurity, eviction, financial crisis)
†Mental Health Composition Score of SF-12 (MCS12) ≤ 40; one standard deviation below population mean
‡At least fairly physically active and not being limited by health in moderate activities and climbing stairs
§At least good bit of time on any of three items: feeling peaceful or calm, being a happy person, having energy