Fig. 3.

The effect of manganese on DAergic neurons in Western blotting. Short- (4, 8, and 12 h) and long-term (1, 7, 14, and 28 days) after manganese administration, Western blotting was conducted to measure TH expression. a, c Effect of manganese on TH protein expression. b, d Densitometry analysis of TH levels relative to β-actin was performed after three independent experiments. e, g Effect of manganese on D₁ dopamine receptor protein expression. i, j Effect of manganese on dopamine levels. f, h Densitometry analysis of D₁ dopamine receptor levels relative to β-actin was performed using three independent experiments (mean ± SD; one-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post hoc analysis, *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01)