Fig. 4.

Successful knockdown of arminin family members in H. vulgaris (AEP). (A) Arminin–hairpin construct for generation of transgenic Hydra (as, antisense; s, sense; TAA, stop codon; P, promoter; T, terminator). (B) Relative expression of arminins quantified by qRT-PCR with specific primers. cDNA of control polyps served as reference (dashed line). cDNA amounts were equilibrated by EF1α, the graphic shows means + SEM (n = 3). Statistic was carried out using two-tailed t test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (C) Neighbor-joining tree of arminins from H. vulgaris (AEP). Bootstrap values are shown at the corresponding nodes (1,000 replicates).