Method for biotinylation of 3NY for affinity-based enrichment. This particular method minimizes sample cleaning steps. Adapted and modified from Ref. (1). NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide; NHS-acetate, acetic acid NHS ester; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DTT, dithiothreitol; NHS-biotin, biotinyl NHS ester; ESI, electrospray ionization; SCX, strong cation exchange; SPE, solid-phase extraction; GnHCl, guanidinium hydrochloride.