Table 3.
Parameter Estimates from the Linear Mixed Effects Model
| Factor | Parameter estimate (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Intercept | ||
| Pre-ART GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 89 (86, 92) | <0.001 |
| Estimated difference in mean GFR level [ml/min/1.73 m2] | ||
| Age (centered at 45 years; per 10 years) | −6.6 (−8.1, −5.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI (centered at 25 kg/m2) | −0.3 (−0.5, −0.1) | 0.002 |
| Black race | 16.0 (12.6, 19.4) | <0.001 |
| Smoking history | 3.3 (1.1, 5.4) | 0.003 |
| Statin use history | 1.6 (0.2, 2.9) | 0.022 |
| Tenofovir/truvuda use history | −4.1 (−5.3, −2.9) | <0.001 |
| Incident diabetes | −0.5 (−2.4, 1.4) | 0.620 |
| Nadir CD4 <200 cells/ml | −2.2 (−4.5, >0.1) | 0.046 |
| Pre-ART creatinine (centered at 1 mg/dl; per 0.1 mg/dl) | −5.5 (−6.1, −4.8) | <0.001 |
| Pre-ART hypertension | 2.6 (>.1, 5.2) | 0.046 |
| Pre-ART cholesterol >200 mg/dl | −0.3 (−2.7, 2.1) | 0.804 |
| Estimated mean change in GFR per year [ml/min/1.73 m2/year] | ||
| Among those with a decrease in HDLc cholesterol ≤5 mg/dl | ||
| Slope 0<Time<3 years | 0.2 (−0.4, 0.8) | 0.557 |
| Slope 3<Time<5 years | −1.1 (−1.8, −0.4) | 0.003 |
| Slope Time>5 years | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.4) | 0.674 |
| Among those with a decrease in HDLc cholesterol >5 mg/dl | ||
| Slope 0<Time<3 years | >0.1 (−1.0, 1.1) | 0.992 |
| Slope 3<Time<5 years | −1.3 (−2.7, 0.1) | 0.079 |
| Slope Time>5 years | −1.3 (−3.7, 1.2) | 0.322 |
Estimates based on N=365 HIV-infected men.
This table shows the difference in the mean level of GFR across time associated with various risk factors for kidney dysfunction as well as the change in the mean eGFR slope comparing those with a decrease in high-density lipid cholesterol (HDLc) of at least 5 mg/dl to those with a decrease of less than 5 mg/dl over approximately a 3-year period following ART initiation.