Table I.
Patient and Hospital Characteristics of Childhood Asthma Hospitalizations; 2000-2009*
| 2000 | 2003 | 2006 | 2009 | P for Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted sample, No. | 81 057 | 97 418 | 83 167 | 92 617 | |
| Weighted sample, No. | 152 149 | 165 755 | 137 729 | 137 172 | |
| Patient | |||||
| Age (year) | |||||
| 0-4 | 52.9 (0.4) | 55.7 (0.4) | 54.0 (0.4) | 51.2 (0.4) | <.001 |
| 5-11 | 32.4 (0.4) | 30.1 (0.3) | 33.1 (0.3) | 36.2 (0.3) | <.001 |
| 11-17 | 14.7 (0.3) | 13.7 (0.2) | 12.9 (0.2) | 12.6 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 62.5 (0.2) | 62.3 (0.2) | 62.4 (0.2) | 62.9 (0.2) | .08 |
| Race or ethnic group† | |||||
| White | 35.0 (1.2) | 28.3 (1.0) | 28.3 (1.0) | 31.0 (1.2) | .002 |
| Black | 28.8 (1.6) | 24.1 (1.3) | 24.7 (1.3) | 28.5 (1.6) | .88 |
| Hispanic | 16.0 (1.1) | 16.1 (1.2) | 17.4 (1.1) | 19.0 (1.1) | .003 |
| Other | 6.1 (0.6) | 6.1 (0.6) | 6.1 (0.5) | 7.7 (0.5) | .01 |
| Type of health insurance† | |||||
| Public | 44.2 (0.9) | 48.6 (0.9) | 51.1 (0.8) | 55.5 (1.0) | <.001 |
| Private | 48.0 (1.0) | 43.4 (1.0) | 40.1 (0.9) | 37.2 (0.9) | <.001 |
| Other | 7.7 (0.4) | 8.0 (0.8) | 8.4 (0.5) | 7.3 (0.5) | .58 |
| Any high-risk condition‡ | 4.0 (0.2) | 4.7 (0.2) | 4.7 (0.2) | 5.2 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Hospital | |||||
| Region | |||||
| Northeast | 24.2 (2.4) | 23.9 (1.9) | 24.3 (2.0) | 25.1 (2.8) | .60 |
| Midwest | 13.6 (1.7) | 20.1 (1.8) | 20.3 (1.9) | 19.0 (2.0) | .005 |
| South | 40.1 (2.5) | 38.5 (2.1) | 37.9 (2.3) | 37.4 (2.4) | .09 |
| West | 21.3 (2.2) | 17.5 (1.7) | 17.5 (1.7) | 18.5 (1.9) | .06 |
| Location/teaching status | |||||
| Rural | 15.0 (0.9) | 14.6 (0.9) | 11.5 (0.7) | 11.0 (0.7) | .004 |
| Urban non-teaching | 29.4 (1.7) | 30.1 (1.6) | 27.6 (1.6) | 27.8 (1.7) | .20 |
| Urban teaching | 55.6 (2.2) | 54.8 (1.9) | 60.1 (1.9) | 61.2 (2.1) | .001 |
| Hospital designation | <.001 | ||||
| Children's hospital | 33.9 (2.9) | 32.2 (2.4) | 40.2 (2.5) | 43.3 (2.8) | |
| Non-children's hospital | 66.1 (2.9) | 67,8 (2.4) | 59.8 (2.5) | 56.7 (2.8) |
*
Data are expressed as % (standard error) otherwise indicated.
†
Percentages are not equal 100 because of missing data.
‡
High-risk medical condition was defined as at least 1 complex medical condition, previously defined using ICD-9-CM codes in 9 categories of illness (i.e., neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, hematology or immunologic, metabolic, malignancy, and other congenital or genetic defect disorders).