Table 2.

Relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status and substance use outcomes among U.S. men

	Daily tobacco use	Drinking within guidelines	Monthly drunkenness	Monthly marijuana use	Monthly other drug use
Bivariate models	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Neighborhood SES a
Disadvantaged	1.19 (1.02, 1.38)*	1.20(1.04, 1.39)*	0.89 (0.71, 1.11)	1.49 (1.10, 2.02)**	0.98 (0.67, 1.43)
Affluent	0.60 (0.50, 0.71)**	0.83 (0.72, 0.97)*	1.06 (0.84, 1.33)	1.12 (0.80, 1.57)	0.67 (0.44, 1.04)†
Multivariate models b	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Married/partnered	0.95 (0.81, 1.11)	1.37 (1.18, 1.59)**	0.54 (0.44, 0.68)**	0.75 (0.55, 1.01) †	0.75 (0.52, 1.08)
Age c
18–29 years	3.23 (2.45, 4.27)**	0.11 (0.08, 0.15)**	22.39 (12.29, 40.79)**	24.56 (10.35, 58.28)**	1.93 (1.02, 3.67)*
30–39 years	3.26 (2.46, 4.30)**	0.16 (0.12, 0.22)**	10.11 (5.47, 18.66)**	17.34 (7.12, 42.24)**	1.08 (0.52, 2.23)
40–49 years	3.31 (2.52, 4.34)**	0.29 (0.21, 0.39)**	7.29 (3.93, 13.51)**	11.28 (4.66, 27.29)**	1.62 (0.83, 3.16)
50–59 years	2.54 (1.93, 3.35)**	0.46 (0.34, 0.63)**	3.67 (1.91, 7.04)**	7.09 (2.83, 17.72)**	1.66 (0.88, 3.13)
Race/ethnicity d
African American	0.56 (0.45, 0.69)**	2.52 (1.99, 3.19)**	0.61 (0.43, 0.85)**	1.15 (0.77, 1.73)	1.42 (0.85, 2.37)
Hispanic/Latino	0.42 (0.34, 0.53)**	1.13 (0.93, 1.37)	0.73 (0.55, 0.97)*	0.63 (0.40, 1.00) †	0.71 (0.43, 1.18)
Other race/ethnicity	1.08 (0.80, 1.46)	1.97 (1.40, 2.76)**	0.70 (0.43, 1.14)	1.51 (0.91, 2.52)	1.43 (0.77, 2.67)
Education e
Less than high school	3.01 (2.36, 3.85)**	1.12 (0.87, 1.43)	0.98 (0.68, 1.41)	2.16 (1.32, 3.52)**	2.18 (1.22, 3.90)**
High school graduate	3.44 (2.01, 2.96)**	0.94 (0.78, 1.13)	0.85 (0.64, 1.12)	1.73 (1.14, 2.62)**	2.01 (1.21, 3.33)**
Some college	2.21 (1.81, 2.68)**	0.77 (0.64, 0.92)**	1.19 (0.92, 1.56)	1.65 (1.12, 2.44)**	1.58 (0.94, 2.64) †
Employment status f
Unemployed	1.15 (0.84, 1.57)	0.98 (0.70, 1.39)	1.00 (0.63, 1.60)	2.33 (1.50, 3.64)**	1.51 (0.76, 3.00)
Not in workforce	1.23 (1.00, 1.52) †	1.27 (1.00, 1.60)*	0.88 (0.63, 1.23)	2.00 (1.37, 2.93)**	1.91 (1.18, 3.08)**
Income g
< $10,000	1.30 (0.94, 1.79)	1.42 (1.03, 1.95)*	1.05 (0.68, 1.63)	1.33 (0.76, 2.33)	1.68 (0.85, 3.33)
$10,001–20,000	1.37 (1.03, 1.83)*	1.81 (1.36, 2.40)**	1.08 (0.71, 1.64)	1.61 (0.92, 2.81) †	1.55 (0.81, 2.99)
$20,001–40,000	1.48 (1.17, 1.89)**	1.31 (1.05, 1.63)*	1.01 (0.72, 1.41)	1.03 (0.63, 1.68)	1.30 (0.71, 2.38)
$40,001–60,000	1.31 (1.02, 1.68)*	1.08 (0.86, 1.36)	1.11 (0.78, 1.57)	1.14 (0.69, 1.88)	0.93 (0.49, 1.78)
$60,001–80,000	1.14 (0.87, 1.49)	1.14 (0.90, 1.44)	0.95 (0.65, 1.38)	0.91 (0.52, 1.60)	1.33 (0.65, 2.70)
Missing income	1.10 (0.82, 1.48)	1.63 (1.21, 2.18)**	0.55 (0.35, 0.88)*	1.28 (0.72, 2.26)	0.92 (0.41, 2.05)
Urban neighborhood	0.94 (0.81, 1.09)	0.96 (0.83, 1.12)	1.09 (0.87, 1.37)	1.37 (1.00, 1.89)*	1.04 (0.72, 1.51)
Neighborhood SES a
Disadvantaged	1.26 (1.06, 1.49)**	1.16 (0.98, 1.38) †	0.81 (0.64, 1.04)	1.10 (0.78, 1.54)	0.75 (0.49, 1.15)
Affluent	0.81 (0.67, 0.98)*	0.86 (0.72, 1.02) †	1.06 (0.81, 1.37)	1.25 (0.88, 1.78)	0.81 (0.51, 1.27)
Obs (Wtd. N)	6,487 (6,773)	6,505 (6,788)	6,427 (6,756)	6,492 (6,770)	6,526 (6,805)

OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. Obs, number of observations. Wtd. N, weighted sample size.

^aMiddle-class neighborhood is reference.

^bModels also controlled for survey year and precision of geocode.

^c60 and older is reference.

^dWhite is reference.

^eCollege graduate is reference.

^fEmployed is reference.

^gOver $80,000 is reference.

^†p < .10

^*p<.05.

^**p<.01