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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 5.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2013 Jul 5;113(2):209–222. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300153

Table 1.

Technical challenges of echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve function in mice.

Limitation Consequence
Limited 2-D resolution M-mode required
Limited color Doppler frame rates Underestimate aortic regurgitation
Lack of continuous-wave Doppler* Pulse wave-derived valve gradients
Oversized pulse-wave gates Overestimate aortic stenosis
Non-parallel signal alignment Overestimate aortic stenosis
*

When using ultra-high resolution instruments designed primarily for studies in mice.