Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the models in the simulations.

(a) Snapshot of the nanoparticle-polymers complex (NPC, i.e., the nanoparticle with pH-sensitive polymers assembling onto its surface); (b) Snapshot of membranes and architecture of lipids and receptors. Green bead represents lipid head containing +e, purple bead is lipid head containing –e, while blue bead stands for lipid head with no charge; the orange bead represents lipid tail, the red bead stands for receptor head bead, yellow bead is particle bead, and the polymers are formed of the cyan beads (with charge –e) and pink beads.