Table 2.
Comparison of kinetic and kinematic characteristics between the legs at all running speeds. Bold numbers and underlined bold numbers indicate significant differences between the limbs at p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively.
| 2.5 m/s | 3.0 m/s | 3.5 m/s | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INT | PST | INT | PST | INT | PST | |
| Kleg, kN/BW/m | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Kvert, kN/BW/m | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.01) |
| Fpeak, N/BW | 2.54 (0.31) | 2.12 (0.22) | 2.68 (0.25)† | 2.29 (0.26) †* | 2.76 (0.35) † | 2.27 (0.22) ** |
| ΔL, m | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.02) * | 0.12 (0.01) †# | 0.12 (0.02) ** |
| ΔCOM, m | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) |
| tc, s | 0.27 (0.02) | 0.27 (0.03) | 0.25 (0.01) †† | 0.24 (0.02) ** | 0.23(0.02) ††## | 0.22 (0.02) **$$ |
| θ, deg. | 20.24 (2.03) | 20.52 (2.33) | 21.57 (1.62) † | 21.58 (2.02) | 23.27 (1.64) ## | 23.07 (2.23) **$$ |
| f, Hz | 2.73 (0.19) | 2.73 (0.13) | 2.76 (0.15) | 2.79 (0.14) * | 2.90 (0.15) ††## | 2.94 (0.15) **$$ |
| Kknee, Nm/BW/deg. | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.18 (0.19) | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.12 (0.06) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.15 (0.12) |
| Kankle, Nm/BW/deg. | 0.17 (0.08) | 0.23 (0.04) | 0.17 (0.08) | 0.23 (0.04) | 0.17 (0.07) | 0.15 (0.12) |
| ΔMknee, Nm/BW | 2.37 (0.64) | 1.60 (0.59) | 2.53 (0.77) | 1.68 (0.65) | 2.45 (0.76) | 1.82 (0.64) |
| ΔMankle, Nm/BW | 2.44 (0.39) | 3.10 (0.69) | 2.58 (0.38) † | 3.33 (0.68) | 2.73 (0.50) † | 3.25 (0.67) |
| Δ θknee, deg. | 27.28 (7.27) | 15.53 (8.33) | 26.62 (7.15) | 16.85 (6.84) | 23.97 (7.43) †# | 16.27 (6.35) |
| Δ θankle, deg. | 17.60 (8.31) | 13.81 (3.04) | 17.68 (8.03) | 14.58 (3.03) | 18.06 (7.89) | 14.34 (3.14) |
| θhip, deg. | 142.38 (6.65) | 142.74 (6.89) | 140.61 (6.45) | 141.13 (6.12) | 138.17 (6.48) | 139.45 (5.29) |
| θknee, deg. | 167.65 (7.18) | 167.29 (7.91) | 166.90 (6.68) | 166.68 (7.69) | 164.85 (6.42) # | 165.32 (8.62) * |
| θankle, deg. | 99.08 (10.35) | 67.40 (10.99) | 98.99 (9.68) | 67.33 (10.83) | 99.38 (9.49) | 66.80 (10.90) *$ |
| Peak Mhip | 1.84 (0.31) | 0.97 (0.23) | 2.02 (0.28) | 1.17 (0.26) * | 2.36 (0.27) ††# | 1.29 (0.31) * |
†
significant differences from 2.5 m/s at p < 0.05 in INT.
††
significant differences from 2.5 m/s at p < 0.01 in INT.
#
significant differences between 3.0 m/s and 3.5 m/s at p < 0.05 in INT.
##
significant differences between 3.0 m/s and 3.5 m/s at p < 0.01 in INT
*
significant differences from 2.5 m/s at p < 0.05 in PST.
**
significant differences from 2.5 m/s at p < 0.01 in PST.
$
significant differences between 3.0 m/s and 3.5 m/s at p < 0.05 in PST.
$$
significant differences between 3.0 m/s and 3.5 m/s at p < 0.01 in PST