Table 1.
Imaging characteristics of VAD.*
| Vessel Appearance | # of studies reporting on the finding |
Total # of subjects (N) |
Pooled proportion | Pooled SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arterial stenosis | 24 | 716 | 0.51 | 0.60 |
| String and pearls | 8 | 126 | 0.48 | 0.38 |
| Dilation of artery | 6 | 93 | 0.37 | 0.31 |
| Arterial occlusion | 22 | 679 | 0.36 | 0.54 |
| Aneurysm/ pseudoaneurysm |
19 | 569 | 0.22 | 0.46 |
| Double lumen | 11 | 232 | 0.22 | 0.35 |
| Intimal flap | 8 | 144 | 0.21 | 0.31 |
| Any “direct” finding (double lumen OR intimal flap) |
17 | 338 | 0.21† | 0.41 |
*
Clinically-defined cases with radiographic confirmation. Reported rates are pooled across studies reporting on presence/ absence of a given characteristic.
†
One study describing 22 VAD patients reported the frequency of these findings but did not report the overlap between double lumen and intimal flap (i.e., whether individual patients had only one or both findings). For this study, we conservatively estimated the frequency as the higher percentage of the two (e.g., double lumen in 59% and intimal flap in 86%;13 we counted 86% as having “any” direct finding).