Table 6. Simulation results with mismatched blood collection time for cases and controls.

Sample size	Method	Null hypothesis					Alternative hypothesis
		Size1	Bias2	SE3	SEE4	CP5	Power6	Bias2	SE3	SEE4	CP5
50	TRUE	0.049	0.000	0.200	0.200	0.948	0.785	0.001	0.201	0.199	0.944
	NAÏVE	0.289	−0.555	0.393	0.391	0.701	0.802	−0.554	0.390	0.391	0.707
	LOESS	0.064	−0.020	0.305	0.288	0.932	0.507	−0.020	0.305	0.288	0.933
	PRS	0.069	−0.010	0.310	0.288	0.927	0.496	−0.010	0.310	0.287	0.928
	SINE	0.041	0.011	0.333	0.347	0.957	0.334	0.011	0.331	0.347	0.957
100	TRUE	0.049	−0.001	0.141	0.141	0.950	0.796	−0.001	0.141	0.141	0.948
	NAÏVE	0.506	−0.557	0.277	0.277	0.480	0.925	−0.557	0.276	0.277	0.477
	LOESS	0.062	−0.021	0.215	0.203	0.936	0.531	−0.022	0.213	0.203	0.935
	PRS	0.066	−0.011	0.219	0.203	0.932	0.512	−0.011	0.217	0.203	0.931
	SINE	0.041	0.009	0.233	0.244	0.958	0.340	0.009	0.232	0.244	0.960
200	TRUE	0.052	0.000	0.100	0.100	0.948	0.801	−0.001	0.100	0.100	0.951
	NAÏVE	0.804	−0.556	0.197	0.196	0.193	0.988	−0.553	0.197	0.196	0.197
	LOESS	0.066	−0.022	0.151	0.144	0.933	0.548	−0.020	0.152	0.144	0.933
	PRS	0.069	−0.011	0.154	0.143	0.930	0.521	−0.009	0.154	0.143	0.930
	SINE	0.042	0.010	0.165	0.172	0.957	0.338	0.012	0.165	0.172	0.960
500	TRUE	0.052	0.000	0.064	0.063	0.947	0.797	0.000	0.063	0.063	0.951
	NAÏVE	0.994	−0.556	0.124	0.124	0.006	1.000	−0.555	0.124	0.124	0.006
	LOESS	0.067	−0.020	0.095	0.091	0.933	0.583	−0.021	0.095	0.091	0.933
	PRS	0.067	−0.010	0.097	0.091	0.932	0.537	−0.011	0.096	0.091	0.932
	SINE	0.042	0.011	0.104	0.108	0.958	0.322	0.012	0.103	0.108	0.959

¹The type I error rate under the null hypothesis;

²The mean of the estimated difference minus the true difference;

³The standard deviation of the estimate;

⁴The mean estimated standard deviation of the estimate;

⁵The empirical coverage probability;

⁶The power under the alternative hypothesis.