FIGURE 1—

Epigenetic modification as a mediator between genetic factors and outcomes and associated confounders.

Note. t₁ = time 1; t₂ = time 2; t₃ = time 3. Support of epigenetic hypotheses requires measurement at three time points, and third variables that might confound relationships among loci, epigenetic modification, and outcomes should be measured at the second and third time points and adjusted for appropriately in analyses.