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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 30.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Nov;18(11):1036–1044. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181dba6d2

Table 2.

Relative odds of depressive symptoms in 2002*

Variable Unadjusted OR
(95% CI, t-value**; p-value)		 Adjusted OR
(95% CI, t-value; p-value)
Country (US = Ref) 1.22 (1.09 - 1.37, 3.38; 0.001) 1.18 (1.03 -1.36, 2.4; 0.02)
Age
 65 - 74
 75 - 84
 ≥ 85		 Ref.
1.26 (1.13 -1.40, 4.2; <0.001)
1.77 (1.54 -2.04, 7.9; <0.001)		 Ref.
0.94 (0.85-1.04, -1.2; 0.2)
0.80 (0.69 - 0.93, -2.9; 0.004)
Female gender 1.76 (1.55 -2.00, 8.7; <0.001) 1.64 (1.42 -1.89, 6.8; <0.001
Education
 Low
 Middle
 High		 Ref.
.61 (.52 -.70, -6.7; <0.001)
.43 (.37 -.50, -11.1; <0.001)		 Ref.
0.78 (0.66 - 0.92, -2.9; 0.02)
0.69 (0.58 - 0.83, -4.0; <0.001
Net Worth (2002 $s)
 ≤< 82,000
 82,001 - 262,000
 > 262,000		 Ref.
.54 (.47 - .63, -7.8; <0.001)
.33 (.29 -.38, -16.1; <0.001)		 Ref.
0.78 (0.65 - 0.92, -2.9, 0.004)
0.61 (0.53 -0.71, -6.4; <0.001
Cardiovascular Risks
 Stroke
 Diabetes
 Hypertension
 Heart disease
 Lung disease
 Cancer		 1.77 (1.48 -2.11, 6.4; <0.001)
1.35 (1.17 - 1.55, 4.2; <0.001)
1.28 (1.13 -1.44, 4.0; <0.001)
1.74 (1.54 - 1.97, 8.9; <0.001)
2.14 (1.85 -2.48, 10.2; <0.001)
1.06 (.92 -1.22, .8; 0.4)		 0.97 (0.82 - 1.15, -.4; 0.7)
1.02 (0.85 -1.21, .2; 0.9)
1.02 (0.90 -1.17, .4; 0.7)
1.35 (1.21 -1.51, 5.3; <0.001)
1.44 (1.23 -1.68, 4.5; <0.001)
1.04 (0.89 - 1.23, .5; 0.6)
Cognitive Impairment
 0 -11
 12 -14
 15 -24		 Ref.
.66 (.59 - .73, -8.0; <0.001)
.46 (.39 - .53, -10.5; <0.001)		 Ref.
0.91 (0.81 -1.01, -1.7; 0.08)
0.72 (0.60 - 0.85, -3.8; <0.001)
Alcohol
 0
 < 1
 >1 to 2
  >2		 Ref.
.71 (.61 - .82, -4.5; <0.001)
.55 (.47 - .64, -7.5; <0.001)
.48 (.41 - .57, -8.4; <0.001)		 Ref.
0.84 (0.71 - .99, -2.04; 0.04)
0.84 (0.71 - 1.0, -1.95; 0.05)
0.78 (0.65 - .95, -2.5; 0.01)
Smoking Status
 Never
 Former
 Current		 Ref.
1.07 (.98 - 1.17, 1.6; 0.1)
1.62 (1.38 - 1.89, 6.0; <0.001)		 Ref.
1.19 (1.07 - 1.32, 3.3; 0.001)
1.54 (1.31 - 1.80, 5.3; <0.001)
# ADLs
 0
 1 -3
 4 -6		 Ref.
3.56 (3.19 -3.97, 22.9; <0.001)
7.73 (6.28 -9.51, 19.4; <0.001)		 Ref.
2.25 (1.98 -2.56, 12.6; <0.001)
3.35 (2.65 -4.23, 10.2; <0.001)
# IADLs
 0
 1 -3
 4 -5		 Ref.
4.14 (3.75 -4.58, 27.8; <0.001)
5.43 (3.56 - 8.27, 7.9; <0.001		 Ref.
1.93 (1.68 -2.22, 9.1; <0.001)
2.12 (1.37 -3.27, 3.4; 0.001)
*

Adjusted models adjust for all variables in the table.

**

Models use t-tests, which approximate the Z-distribution for a large sample size