Figure 2. Effects of mannosylated lipoarabinomannan (Man-LAM) on killing of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium by bovine macrophages.
Bovine macrophages (1×106/ml) were incubated with or without Man-LAM (1 µg/ml) for 2 h and then were incubated with or without Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium for 72 h. The percentage of dead bacteria was determined by use of a fluorescent live-dead stain. The effects of IL-10 and mitogen-activated protein kinase-p38 (MAPK-p38) on Man-LAM-mediated inhibition of killing were determined by pre-incubating macrophages with a neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody and SB203580 (i.e., specific MAPK-p38 inhibitor) respectively. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between macrophages treated with Man-LAN compared to those not treated with Man-LAM and between macrophages treated with inhibitor + Man-LAM and macrophages treated with Man-LAM alone using the Student's t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.