Effects of carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO) on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt mRNA expression (examined by in situ hybridization) in the myocardial tissues of rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Rats were assigned to the following groups for a four-week treatment intervention (black bars): A, control; B, DCM; C, CEPO (500 IU/kg); D CEPO (1,000 IU/kg); E, CEPO (2,000 IU/kg); and F, recombinant human (rh)-EPO (1,000 IU/kg). For the eight-week treatment intervention (grey bars), the groups were as follows: A′, control; B′, DCM; D′, CEPO (1,000 IU/kg); and F′, rhEPO (1,000 IU/kg). *P<0.05 vs. DCM, †P<0.05 vs. CEPO (500 IU/kg), ‡P<0.05 vs. CEPO (1,000 IU/kg) and §P<0.05 vs. CEPO (2,000 IU/kg) groups. IOD, integrated optical density.