Table 2.
Regions of intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) with amygdala (AY) and hippocampus (HP).
| Anatomical region | L/R | Cluster | T-score | p-Value | Peak (MNI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A (I). POSITIVE IFC (AY), HEALTHY CONTROLS | |||||
| Amygdala | R | 649 | 10.27 | <0.001 | 24, −3, −18 |
| Parahippocampal cortex | R | 649 | 6.18 | <0.001 | 21, −18, −24 |
| Superior temporal gyrus | R | 649 | 7.20 | <0.001 | 33, 6, −30 |
| Amygdala | L | 309 | 8.25 | <0.001 | −21, −3, −21 |
| Parahippocampal cortex | L | 309 | 8.09 | <0.001 | −24, −9, −18 |
| Superior temporal gyrus | L | 309 | 3.89 | <0.001 | −24, 9, −39 |
| Medial frontal gyrus | R | 11 | 3.77 | 0.008 | 3, −33, 69 |
| Medial frontal gyrus | L | 7 | 3.76 | 0.009 | −3, −30, 66 |
| Superior occipital gyrus | R | 157 | 4.85 | <0.001 | 42, −63, 0 |
| Cuneus | L | 10 | 4.10 | 0.003 | −27, −87, 33 |
| Cuneus | R | 56 | 3.95 | 0.005 | 27, −84, 27 |
| A (II). NEGATIVE IFC (AY), HEALTHY CONTROLS | |||||
| Fronto-insular operculum | L | 1701 | 6.33 | <0.001 | −45, 15, 0 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | L | 1701 | 6.05 | <0.001 | −45, 12, 45 |
| Putamen | L | 1701 | 8.97 | <0.001 | −18, 15, −3 |
| Fronto-insular operculum | R | 3526 | 7.77 | <0.001 | 54, 15, 6 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | R | 3526 | 6.42 | <0.001 | 45, 39, 0 |
| Medial frontal gyrus | L/R | 3526 | 7.92 | <0.001 | 0, 39, 24 |
| Putamen | R | 3526 | 8.36 | <0.001 | 15, 18, 0 |
| Cingulate cortex | R/L | 3526 | 6.30 | <0.001 | 3, 24, 36 |
| Thalamus | R/L | 179 | 7.16 | <0.001 | 9, −15, 6 |
| Inferior parietal lobule | R | 529 | 6.56 | <0.001 | 54, −36, 39 |
| Angular gyrus | L | 417 | 5.70 | <0.001 | −57, −48, 33 |
| Posterior cingulate cortex | L/R | 161 | 5.15 | <0.001 | 0, −30, 27 |
| A (III). POSITIVE IFC (HP), HEALTHY CONTROLS | |||||
| Parahippocampal cortex, HP | L | 1404 | 12.85 | <0.001 | −21, −18, −18 |
| Parahippocampal cortex, HP | R | 1404 | 12.22 | <0.001 | 24, −18, −18 |
| Posterior cingulate cortex | L/R | 1404 | 7.71 | <0.001 | 6, −54, 18 |
| Angular gyrus | R | 131 | 6.33 | <0.001 | 48, −63, 27 |
| Superior frontal gyrus | R | 87 | 6.18 | <0.001 | 24, 30, 45 |
| Medial frontal gyrus | L/R | 170 | 5.76 | <0.001 | 0, 60, −6 |
| Angular gyrus | L | 172 | 5.73 | <0.001 | −39, −72, 33 |
| Middle temporal gyrus | R | 111 | 5.64 | <0.001 | 63, −6, −27 |
| A (IV). NEGATIVE IFC (HP), HEALTHY CONTROLS | |||||
| Fronto-insular operculum | R | 5639 | 9.43 | <0.001 | 45, 18, 6 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | R | 5639 | 7.63 | <0.001 | 45, 48, 9 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | R | 5639 | 7.69 | <0.001 | 51, 39, 3 |
| Inferior parietal lobule | R | 5639 | 7.86 | <0.001 | 60, −36, 33 |
| Medial frontal gyrus | R | 5639 | 6.77 | <0.001 | 3, 9, 63 |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | R | 5639 | 4.55 | <0.001 | 9, 33, 27 |
| Fronto-insular operculum | L | 2342 | 7.73 | <0.001 | −36, 15, 0 |
| Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | L | 2342 | 9.18 | <0.001 | −36, 42, 24 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | L | 2342 | 7.69 | <0.001 | −35, 38, 30 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | L | 2342 | 6.51 | <0.001 | −48, 33, 0 |
| Medial frontal gyrus | L | 2342 | 5.77 | <0.001 | −3, 3, 60 |
| Inferior parietal lobule | L | 2342 | 6.92 | <0.001 | −57, −39, 33 |
| Middle temporal gyrus | L | 127 | 4.92 | <0.001 | −57, −57, 0 |
| B (I). IFC (AY): MDD < HEALTHY CONTROLS | |||||
| Medial frontal gyrus | R | 27 | 5.09 | 0.020 | 3, 9, 51 |
| Superior frontal gyrus | R | 27 | 3.81 | 0.020 | 9, 27, 54 |
| Fronto-insular operculum | R | 36 | 4.97 | 0.020 | 54, 15, 6 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | R | 9 | 4.46 | 0.030 | 48, 36, 3 |
| Inferior parietal lobule | L | 4 | 4.40 | 0.030 | −60, −51, 33 |
| B (II). IFC (HP): MDD < HEALTHY CONTROLS | |||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | R | 20 | 5.17 | 0.017 | 9, 21, 60 |
| Fronto-insular operculum | R | 10 | 4.12 | 0.028 | 45, 18, 6 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus | L | 66 | 4.90 | 0.022 | −51, 33, 0 |
| Medial frontal gyrus | L | 23 | 4.72 | 0.025 | −9, 24, 60 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | L | 21 | 4.45 | 0.026 | −39, 9, 42 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | L | 47 | 4.38 | 0.026 | −45, 36, 27 |
| Inferior parietal lobule | R | 28 | 4.33 | 0.026 | 51, −45, 36 |
| B (III). IFC (OVERLAP): MDD < HEALTHY CONTROLS | |||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | R | 9, 21, 54 | |||
| Medial frontal gyrus | R | 9, 21, 51 | |||
| Medial frontal gyrus | L | −3, 24, 54 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus | R | 51, 15, 3 | |||
| Fronto-insular operculum | R | 42, 21, 3 | |||
Healthy controls and group differences with MDD patients.
A: one-sample t-tests, p < 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate (FDR). B: two-sample t-tests, p < 0.05, FDR corrected; MDD, recurrent major depressive disorder; iFC, intrinsic functional connectivity; AY, amygdala; HP, hippocampus; L, left; R, right.