Table 1.
Characteristics and Clinical Variables According to Pregnancy Outcome; Data Expressed as Mean (±Standard Deviation) or Number(%)
| Term n=306 | Preterm n=181 | pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Index pregnancy (1997–2002) | |||
| Age (years) | 28.5 (6.9) | 30.5 (6.8) | <0.01 |
| Prepregnancy weight (kg) | 66.3 (18.6) | 65.3 (13.2) | 0.68 |
| African American (%) | 103 (34) | 46 (26) | 0.06 |
| Gestational age (week) | 39.3 (1.1) | 34.0 (2.5) | <0.01 |
| Multiparous (%) | 269 (88) | 152 (84) | 0.34 |
| First born: index pregnancy (%) | 123 (40) | 70 (39) | 0.74 |
| Additional preterm births (before/after index) (%) | 38 (12) | 54 (30) | <0.01 |
| Gestational hypertension (%) | 6 (2) | 2 (1) | 0.47 |
| Smoking during pregnancy (%) | 59 (21) | 30 (19) | 0.61 |
| Study visit (2005–2009) | |||
| Time from index pregnancy to interview (years) | 8.0 (1.7) | 8.5 (1.7) | 0.06 |
| Age (years) | 36.5 (7.4) | 39.0 (7.0) | <0.01 |
| Tobacco use: ever (%) | 134 (44) | 97 (54) | 0.04 |
| Tobacco use: current (%) | 76 (25) | 60 (33) | 0.08 |
| Pack-years smokedb | 4.2 (5.9) | 4.6 (6.5) | 0.99 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.8 (7.0) | 27.3 (6.6) | 0.44 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.5 (15.8) | 91.7 (15.1) | 0.59 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 106.7 (10.4) | 109.0 (12.3) | 0.05 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 69.8 (8.3) | 71.5 (7.8) | 0.03 |
| Statin use: current (%) | 3 (1) | 4 (2) | 0.27 |
| Oral contraceptive use (%) | 44 (14) | 18 (10) | 0.16 |
| Menopause (%) | 18 (6) | 22 (12) | 0.01 |
| Alcohol consumption: regularb (%) | 108 (35) | 61 (34) | 0.82 |
| Physical activity (MET hours/week) | 15.9 (32.8) | 12.1 (18.0) | 0.21 |
| Education (%) | 0.58 | ||
| <High school | 20 (7) | 7 (4) | |
| High school | 88 (29) | 49 (27) | |
| College | 159 (52) | 99 (55) | |
| >College | 39 (13) | 26 (14) | |
| Income (%) | 0.08 | ||
| Less than $20,000 | 80 (26) | 37 (20) | |
| $20,000–<$50,000 | 60 (20) | 50 (28) | |
| $50,000–<$100,000 | 93 (30) | 53 (29) | |
| >$100,000 | 62 (20) | 28 (15) | |
| Don't know | 11 (4) | 13 (7) | |
| Insurance (%) | <0.01 | ||
| Medicaid | 77 (25) | 19 (11) | |
| Medicare | 8 (3) | 5 (3) | |
| Private | 205 (67) | 146 (81) | |
| None | 16 (5) | 11 (6) | |
| Menstrual cycle phase at study visit (%) | 0.09 | ||
| <14 days of menses | 147 (48) | 76 (42) | |
| >= 14 days of menses | 159 (52) | 105 (58) | |
| Family history (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 175 (57) | 109 (60) | 0.51 |
| Diabetes | 19 (6) | 9 (5) | 0.57 |
| Heart disease | 73 (24) | 54 (30) | 0.15 |
| Stroke | 36 (12) | 24 (13) | 0.63 |
| Preeclampsia | 34 (11) | 18 (10) | 0.69 |
a
Student's t-test for means and χ2 test for categorical variables. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare prepregnancy weight, pack-years smoked, and physical activity.
b
Pack years smoked among ever users (at least 200 cigarettes in lifetime). Regular alcohol use was defined as drinking beer, wine, or liquor at least once a week.
MET, metabolic equivalent of task.