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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2012 Oct;169(10):1065–1072. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11091325

TABLE 1.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Exposed and Unexposed to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the i2b2 Treatment-Resistant Cohort

Characteristic NSAID Exposure No NSAID Exposure Comparison
N Mean SD N Mean SD t df p
Age (years) 1,245 53.0 15.3 283 46.9 17.6 5.4 1526 <0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2) 991 32.5 8.2 171 28.2 7.1 7.1 1160 <0.001
N % N % χ 2 df p
Female 914 73 175 62 14.5 1 <0.001
Race/ethnicitya 46.6 4 <0.001
  White 841 68 236 83
  African American 92 7 8 3
  Hispanic 272 22 21 7
  Asian 14 1 6 2
  Other 26 2 12 4
Insurance 57.7 2 <0.001
  Public 651 52 85 30
  Private 558 45 176 62
  Other/unknown 36 3 22 8
Comorbidity
  History of hypertension 693 56 80 28 68.1 1 <0.001
  History of hyperlipidemia 777 62 101 36 66.3 1 <0.001
  History of myocardial
   infarction		 114 9 2 1 22.3 1 <0.001
  History of stroke 167 13 9 3 22.7 1 <0.001
  History of type 2 diabetes 371 30 26 9 49.9 1 <0.001
NSAID and NSAID-like
 treatment
  NSAIDs 1,037 83
  COX-2 inhibitors 202 16
  Salicylates 564 45
  NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors
   or salicylatesb 		1,245 100
  NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors 171 14
  NSAIDs and salicylates 444 36
  COX-2 inhibitors
   and salicylates		 126 10
  NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors
   and salicylates		 111 9
Antidepressant treatment
 response
  Resistant 586 47 103 36 10.2 1 0.001
  Responsive 659 53 180 64
N Median Interquartile
Range		 N Median Interquartile
Range		 Kruskal-Wallis
Nonparametric
Statistic		 df p
Health care utilization
  Medical facts recorded 1,245 639 665 283 228 280 286754 1 <0.001
Psychiatry visits
  All psychiatric visits 1,245 12 17 283 9 14 196625 1 <0.001
  Depressed visits 1,245 2 6 283 1 4 206820 1 <0.001
  Well visits 1,245 1 5 283 2 4 160643 1 <0.001
Antidepressant treatment
  Unique antidepressants 1,245 3 3 283 2 2 235580 1 <0.001
  Refills per antidepressant 1,245 7 15 283 3 8 229724 1 <0.001
Comorbidity
  Age-adjusted Charlson
   comorbidity index		 1,245 6 6 283 2 5 245851 1 <0.001
a

Data on race and ethnicity were collected using a single field in the electronic medical records; individuals who identified as Hispanic are not further characterized.

b

Analysis is consistent with that of Warner-Schmidt et al. (3).