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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2011 Sep 20;42(5):967–980. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711001905

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Depression symptom structure. The figure reviews the results of categorical-factor analysis of items from three depression rating scales: the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Categorical item factor analysis identified three major factors: observed mood, cognitive symptoms and neurovegetative symptoms. These three factors further split into six dimensions: mood, anxiety, pessimism, interest-activity, sleep and appetite. * The items measuring activity and energy loaded on the observed mood factor in the three-factor solution, but in the six-factor solution, these items cross-loaded evenly between the mood and the interest-activity dimensions.