Table 1.

Specific group primers used for PCR assays for beta-lactamase and qnr genes.

PCR name	Primer name	Sequence (5′–3′)	Length (base)	Amplicon size (pb)
Multiplex TEM, SHV, CTX, OXA	tem-F	TTCTTGAAGACGAAAGGGC	19	1150
	tem-R	ACGCTCAGTGGAACGAAAC	19
	shv-F	CACTCAAGGATGTATTGTG	19	702
	shv-R	TTAGCGTTGCCAGTGCTCG	19
	ctx-F	TTTGCGATGTGCAGTACCAGTAA	23	544
	ctx-R	CGATATCGTTGGTGGTGCCATA	22
	oxa-F	TTCAAGCCAAAGGCACGATAG	21	885
	oxa-R	TCCGAGTTGACTGCCGGGTTG	21
CMY	cmy-F	GACAGCCTCTTTCTCCACA	19	1000
	cmy-R	TGGAACGAAGGCTACGTA	18
Multiplex qnrA, qnrB and qnrS	qnrA-F	ATTTCTCACGCCAGGATTTG	20	516
	qnrA-R	GATCGGCAAAGGTTAGGTCA	20
	qnrB-F	GATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGG	20	469
	qnrB-R	ACGATGCCTGGTAGTTGTCC	20
	qnrS-F	ACGACATTCGTCAACTGCAA	20	417
	qnrS-R	TAAATTGGCACCCTGTAGGC	20