Figure 3.
Inhibition of PHD by DMOG induces autophagy independently of HIF. U2OS cells stably expressing GFP-LC3 were transfected with a plasmid encoding control, nontargeting shRNA (shCntr) or transfected with a plasmid encoding shRNA for HIF1b (clone no. 4; shHIF1b no. 4). After 48 h, cells were incubated for 5 h in the presence of amino acids with or without DMOG as indicated. Aggregation of GFP-LC3 was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (a) and quantified (b). Results represent the average and s.d. of three independent experiments.