Table 1. Principal characteristics of the published randomized studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Group (year of publication) | Recruiting centres(n) | Location | Number of patients (Treatment/Control) | Mean age (Treatment/Control) | Male (%) | Route | Intervention (Treatment/Control) | Follow-up | PEP in GTN group, %(number) | PEP in control group, %(number) | Cannulation in treatment group, %(number) | Cannulation in control group, %(number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sudhindran (2001)[18] | 1 | UK | 186 (90/96) | 63.7 (63.7/63.7) | 31 (24/37.5) | sublingual | GTN 2 mg, 5 min before ERCP/placebo | 24h | 7.8 (7/90) | 17.7 (17/96) | 93 (84/90) | 92 (88/96) |
| Wehrmann (2001)[19] | 1 | Germany | 80 (40/40) | 58.72 (58.93/58.5) | 45 (40/50) | topical | GTN 10 mg at ERCP/ physiological saline | 24h | Mild:7.5 (3/40) | Mild:10 (4/40) | 75 (30/40) | 72.5 (29/40) |
| Ghori A (2002)[20] | 1 | UK | 254 (128/126) | 66 (67/65) | 36 (35/37) | sublingual | GTN 0.4-0.8 mg/placebo | Not clear | 93 (119/128) | 84.2 (106/126) | ||
| Moretó M (2003)[21] | 1 | Spain | 144 (71/73) | 66 (66.7/65.2) | 60 (62/59) | transdermal | GTN 15 mg, 30–40min befor ERCP/placebo | 24h | 4.3 (3/70) Moderate:1.4 (1/70) | 15.3 (11/72) Moderate:1.39 (1/72) | 94 (67/71) | 93 (68/73) |
| Talwar A (2005)[22] | 1 | UK | 104 (52/52) | 64 (66/62) | 31 (29/33) | topical | GTN 5 mg, before ERCP/physiological saline | Not clear | 1.9 (1/52) | 0(0/52) | 90.4 (47/52) | 86.5 (45/52) |
| Kaffes AJ (2006)[23] | 1 | Australia | 318 (155/163) | 62 (60/65) | 39 (38/35) | transdermal | GTN 5 mg 60 minutes before ERCP/placebo | 30 days | Totol:7.1(11/155) Mild:5.8 (9/155) Moderate:1.3 (2/155) | Totol:6.1(10/163) Mild:3.7 (6/163) Moderate:2.4 (4/163) | 87 (135/155) | 87 (142/163) |
| Beauchant M (2008)[24] | 20 | France | 208 (105/103) | 52 (50/54) | 28 (28/28) | intravenous | GTN, Bolus of 0.1 mg at 10 min before ERCP, then 35 ug/kg/min for 6 h /placebo | 1 month | Totol:9.5(10/105) Mild:2.9 (3/105) Moderate:4.7 (5/105) Sereve:1.9(2/105) | Totol:14.6(15/103) Mild:4.9 (5/103) Moderate:5.8 (6/103) Sereve:3.9(4/103) | 92.4 (97/105) | 94.2 (97/103) |
| Nøjgaard C (2009)[25] | 14 | Norway, Denmark, Sweden, France | 806 (401/405) | 66 (67/65) | 41 (41/41) | transdermal | GTN 15 mg/24h 30 to 45 minutes before ERCP/plcabo | 14 days | 4.5 (18/401) Mild:1 (4/401) Moderate:2.2 (9/401) Sereve:1.3(5/401) Died:1/401 | 7.2 (29/405) Mild:2.2 (9/405) Moderate:4.2 (17/405) Sereve:0.8(3/405) Died:1/405 | ||
| Hao JY (2009)[26] | 1 | China | 74 (38/36) | 63.8 (64.3/63.4) | 42 (39/44) | sublingual | GTN 5 mg 5 min before ERCP/0.1g Vit C | 24h | 7.9 (3/38) | 25 (9/36) | ||
| Nashaat E (2010) [12] | 1 | Egypt | 80 (40/40) | 50 (50/50) | transdermal | GTN 15 mg 2 houur before ERCP/no intervention | 72h | 17.5 (7/40) | 10 (4/40) | 90 (36/40) | 85 (34/40) | |
| Bhatia V (2011)[13] | 1 | India | 250 (124/126) | 42 (42/42.5) | 33 (29/37) | transdermal | GTN 10 mg/h 30 minutes before ERCP/no intervention | 24h | Mild:9.7 (12/124) | Mild:10.3 (13/126) | 87.9 (109/124) | 86.5 (109/126) |
| Chen XW (2012)[14] | 1 | China | 147 (74/73) | 65 (66/64.1) | 48 (51/45) | sublingual | GTN 0.5mg 5 min before ERCP, then 35 ug/kg/min for 6 h /0.1g Vit C | 24h | Totol:12.2(9/74) Mild:10.8 (8/74) Moderate:1.4 (1/74) | Totol:20.5(15/73) Mild:19.2 (14/73) Moderate:1.3 (1/73) |
ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PEP, post-ERCP pancreatitis; GTN, Glyceryl trinitrate.