Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics for Study Measures and F ratios for ANCOVAs
| DLD/SD n = 11 |
SD n =13 |
DLD n = 18 |
Control 1 n = 29 |
Control 2 n = 78 |
F(4) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
| Spelling | 43.27 | 3.85 | 41.46 | 4.18 | 50.17 | 1.87 | 50.55 | 2.03 | 51.09 | 2.36 | 45.84*** |
| Wellformednessa | .054 | .033 | .033 | .020 | .067 | .073 | .025 | .015 | - | - | 4.23** |
| Phonological Choice | 46.64 | 7.20 | 47.31 | 7.52 | 48.44 | 5.03 | 50.83 | 6.45 | 48.76 | 5.89 | 1.50 |
| Orthographic Awareness | 36.45 | 5.54 | 28.85 | 7.48 | 32.83 | 8.37 | 37.24 | 3.43 | 36.71 | 5.98 | 4.44** |
| Morphological Derivation | 10.82 | 4.29 | 10.31 | 3.97 | 14.83 | 3.93 | 16.83 | 4.27 | 17.37 | 3.59 | 9.36*** |
| Morphological Decomp. | 17.00 | 4.76 | 15.77 | 5.96 | 20.28 | 3.32 | 21.03 | 3.35 | 21.32 | 3.23 | 6.67*** |
| Phoneme Awareness | 33.18 | 3.71 | 32.42 | 3.94 | 33.61 | 4.30 | 36.83 | 3.04 | 37.80 | 2.53 | 11.06*** |
| Pseudoword Repetition | 34.45 | 4.57 | 36.15 | 3.72 | 36.89 | 2.11 | 37.07 | 3.08 | 38.64 | 1.90 | 6.56*** |
| RAN Objects time | 62.09 | 11.77 | 61.15 | 11.80 | 55.89 | 10.68 | 47.45 | 8.73 | 48.36 | 8.79 | 7.79*** |
| RAN Numbers time | 31.55 | 7.78 | 29.08 | 7.74 | 25.00 | 4.50 | 24.07 | 4.68 | 23.11 | 4.44 | 6.55*** |
| RAN Letters time | 32.00 | 7.89 | 28.00 | 6.12 | 27.83 | 4.96 | 25.14 | 5.25 | 22.95 | 4.00 | 7.91*** |
| RAN Color time | 48.09 | 11.13 | 46.69 | 8.94 | 47.11 | 8.80 | 39.59 | 6.85 | 37.49 | 7.06 | 5.74*** |
Note.
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.
a
df=3 for Wellformedness. Spelling, Phonological Choice, Orthographic Awareness, Morphological Derivation, Morphological Decomposition, Phoneme Awareness, Pseudoword Repetition are measures of accuracy with a higher score indicating better performance; Welformedness is a measure error rate with a lower score indicating better performance, RAN is a measure of time with a lower score indicating better performance.