Table 3.
Psychological Functioning
| Nonpregnant White (n=20) |
Nonpregnant African American (n=19) |
Pregnant White (n=20) |
Pregnant African American (n=19) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive Symptoms 1 | ||||
| CES-D ≥ 16; n (%) | 6 (30%) | 7 (36.8%) | 3 (15.0%) | 5 (26.3%) |
| Anxiety 2 | ||||
| State Anxiety [STAI; Mean (SD)] | 35.25 (13.14) | 36.26 (10.40) | 34.80 (8.82) | 34.17 (9.46) |
| Perceived Stress 2 | ||||
| PSS Score; Mean (SD) | 17.79 (7.6) | 19.72 (6.24) | 17.10 (6.56) | 17.21 (5.66) |
| Impaired Sleep Quality 1 | ||||
| PSQI Score > 5 | 11 (55%) | 13 (68%) | 11 (55%) | 9 (45%) |
| Social Support [Mean (SD)] #2 | ||||
| Total MPSSS | 5.22 (1.02) | 5.44 (1.16) | 5.81 (1.14) | 5.92 (0.83) |
| Family Support | 5.40 (1.64) | 5.43 (1.20) | 5.66 (1.59) | 5.75 (1.59) |
| Friend Support | 4.94 (1.24) | 5.55 (1.27) | 5.52 (1.37) | 5.74 (1.07) |
| Significant Other Support | 5.33 (1.84) | 5.33 (1.98) | 6.25 (1.22) | 6.28 (0.91) |
| Hostility 2 | ||||
| Cook-Medley Score; Mean (SD) | 19.40 (7.44) | 22.05 (7.74) | 20.10 (7.91) | 20.42 (6.69) |
| Childhood Trauma 1 | ||||
| Abused; n (%) | 10 (50%) | 12 (63.2%) | 8 (40%) | 11 (57.9%) |
| Racial Discrimination ^ 3 | ||||
| EOD Score Situations | ||||
| 0 | 12 (60%) | 6 (32%) | 11 (55%) | 7 (37%) |
| 1-2 | 7 (35%) | 7 (37%) | 7 (35%) | 5 (26%) |
| >2 | 1 (5%) | 6 (32%) | 2 (10%) | 7 (37%) |
| EOD Score Frequency | ||||
| 0 | 12 (60%) | 6 (32%) | 11 (55%) | 7 (37%) |
| 1-5 | 6 (30%) | 7 (37%) | 7 (35%) | 4 (21%) |
| 6-10 | 1 (5%) | 2 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (37%) |
| >10 | 1 (5%) | 4 (21%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (5%) |
1
Chi-square test
2
Analysis of variance, 2-tailed
3
Jonckheere-Terpstratest, 2-tailed
#
Perceived support was significantly greater among pregnant versus nonpregnant women in total (t(74) = 2.26, p = .026) and from a significant other (t(74) = 2.67, p = .009).
^
Racial discrimination was significantly greater among African Americans versus Whites in terms of both the number of situations (Jonckheere-Terpstra (JT), p = .007) and total frequency of discrimination (JT, p = .012) as reported on the EOD.