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. 2013 Oct 3;7:133. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00133

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Copyright © 2013 Avery, Dutt and Krichmar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Firing rate activity of neurons in the PC, PFC, and MOT for a single trial. Typical firing rate activity of PC, layer 3, layer 5 and MOT neurons during a single working memory trial when DA and NE levels were optimal. PC neurons encoding the preferred direction (blue) are briefly activated when the cue is presented. Layer 3 neurons then hold onto this direction in working memory and drive neurons in the motor response layer, MOT. Layer 5 neurons, on the other hand, fire during the response phase of the task due to a corollary discharge mediated by the MD/SC and clear working memory in layer 3. Fixation (F), cue (C), delay (D) and response (R) periods are indicated at the top. Firing rates were smoothed using a simple moving average.