Change in annual rates of complications and length of stay over time between surgical interventions. Sample sizes for study groups derived from the National Inpatient Sample between 1998 and 2010 are as follows: living-donor nephrectomy, n=69,117; cholecystectomy, n=3,011,628; appendectomy, n=2,262,065; and nephrectomy for carcinoma, n=13,461.