Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the ITT population (Mean ± SD).
| Variables | Verum group (n = 60) | Estazolam Group (n = 60) | Sham Group (n = 60) |
x
2
F value |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 47.5 ± 13.3 | 50.1 ± 15.6 | 49.2 ± 12.0 | 0.54 | 0.59 |
| Sex, male/female | 19/41 | 21/39 | 18/42 | 0.36 | 0.84 |
| Education attainment, y | 10.2 ± 3.5 | 9.7 ± 4.2 | 11.4 ± 3.7 | 0.42 | 0.25 |
| Insomnia duration, y | 6.3 ± 2.1 | 5.7 ± 3.9 | 6.2 ± 4.8 | 0.33 | 0.57 |
| Married | 40 | 39 | 42 | 0.45 | 0.98 |
| Widowed | 9 | 10 | 9 | ||
| Single/separated/divorced | 11 | 11 | 9 | ||
| Chronic medical illness | 7 | 4 | 9 | 2.14 | 0.34 |
| ESS | 8.4 ± 2.7 | 8.2 ± 2.1 | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 1.26 | 0.29 |
| PSQI total score | 11.5 ± 2.0 | 12.1 ± 1.8 | 11.9 ± 2.2 | 1.42 | 0.24 |
| SQ | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.30 | 0.10 |
| SOL (min) | 55.5 ± 10.9 | 59.0 ± 13.1 | 56.0 ± 13.1 | 1.39 | 0.25 |
| TST (min) | 285.0 ± 54.5 | 273.0 ± 62.7 | 263.0 ± 59.1 | 2.10 | 0.12 |
| SE (%) | 70.2 ± 10.8 | 73.5 ± 8.9 | 71.6 ± 10.6 | 1.57 | 0.21 |
| Dyssomnia | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.33 | 0.72 |
| DD | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0.53 | 0.59 |
ITT: intention to treat. verum group: verum acupuncture + placebo; estazolam group: estazolam + sham acupuncture; sham group: sham acupuncture + placebo.
ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SQ: sleep quality; SOL: sleep-onset latency; TST: total sleep time; SE: sleep efficiency; DD: daytime dysfunction; results from x 2 or ANOVA test for categorical and quantitative variables, respectively.