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. 2013 Oct 3;8(10):e76981. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076981

Figure 4. Exposure to D(KLAKLAK)2 triggers intracellular ROS accumulation.

Figure 4

(A) Fluorescence and DIC micrographs of R. oryzae and M. circinelloides germlings stained with the oxidation-sensitive dye DHR-123, showing ROS production after incubation with D(KLAKLAK)2 (150 µg/ml) or AMB (2 µg/ml). Scale bar, 200 µm. (B) Quantitative analysis recorded with a microplate reader (excitation, 488 nm; emission, 525 nm), demonstrating a significant increase in ROS release from mitochondria in the presence of D(KLAKLAK)2 (**p ≤ 0.001) relative to FLU (128 µg/ml) or negative control peptidomimetic (300 µg/ml).